the public sector affairs are done by employees and in order to do their duties as well as possible, these entities have to select and employ among applicants. but, because of right to take part in the government and the right to equal access to public services, their power is not unlimited. hence, they have to do this in respect of some norms to ensure the citizens’ rights. the legal aspects o...

the impact of legislative on the formulation of/ and or decision-making in various countries are different. in this article, a primary attempt is made to survey this impact, from both legalist prism and theoretical. in the second subsection of the paper, a historical account was presented. in this historical account, the legislative role in foreign policy of a few countries was surveyed.

The current energy transition towards a rising share of fluctuating and decentrally installed renewable power has introduced new challenges to the modelling of national and regional energy supply systems. More technologies are involved than in centrally designed energy systems, and the physical potential strongly depends on regional context factors. Furthermore, nontechnical factors such as soc...

This paper complements the ongoing empirical discussion surrounding participative budgeting by comparing its economic merits relative to a top-down budgeting alternative. We analyze a screening model of participative budgeting where the subordinate uses the budgeting mechanism to relay private information to his superior, in addition to a signaling model of top-down budgeting where the superior...

Introduction: This study aimed to investigate the male and female students’ learning styles of classroom participation and these styles’ differences between Humanities and Science majors.Methods: 1039 individuals were selected through the proportional stratifiedrandom sampling method among undergraduate and graduate students inHumanities (n=421) and Science (n=618) faculties of Tehran Universit...