why some learners are willing to communicate in english, concurrently others are not, has been an intensive investigation in l2 education. willingness to communicate (wtc) proposed as initiating to communicate while given a choice has recently played a crucial role in l2 learning. it was hypothesized that wtc would be associated with language learning orientations (llos) as well as social suppo...

Introduction: Citizenship rights is a set of rules governing society in relation to politics, institutions, governments and civil society. The main purpose of this study is to investigate the factors affecting the awareness of citizenship rights using meta-analysis. Method: The mechanism of conducting research is meta-analysis-quantitative. The purpose of this method is to integrate, systemati...

Introduction: Citizenship rights is a set of rules governing society in relation to politics, institutions, governments and civil society. The main purpose of this study is to investigate the factors affecting the awareness of citizenship rights using meta-analysis. Method: The mechanism of conducting research is meta-analysis-quantitative. The purpose of this method is to integrate, systemati...

Dependence on the substance as a factor contributing to the impairment of individual and social health imposes numerous damages to societies in different areas including personal, family, health, cultural, social, and economic aspects. It is necessary to take counter actions to deal with using drugs and psychedelics. As a dynamic, alive, cheerful and moving system, society has unlimited capacit...

anxiety is one common disorder during childhood. in curing anxiety disorders, there are different types of psychological remedies, pharmotherapy, family therapy, and music therapy that can improve the individual’s anxiety, but we need some other remedies to improve social and emotional relationship and interactions. considering the importance of curing the anxiety disorders, the effect of sand ...

Objective Disability is a general concept that relate to a person's deprivations resulting from defects (disorder) disability. In other words, any lack or reduction in equal level of opportunity to participate in social life is called disability. As a result of increasing population of physical and motor disabled, which is mainly caused by genetic factors, congenital and adventitious such as tr...

learning a second or foreign language requires the manipulation of four main skills, namely, listening, reading, speaking, and writing which lead to effective communication. it is obvious that vocabulary is an indispensible part of any communication, so without a vocabulary, no meaningful communication can take place and meaningful communication relies heavily on vocabulary. one fundamental fac...