Structural change plays an important role in developing any economy, so understanding it is critical to make policies that increase total factor productivity. The structural change that leads to an efficient resource allocation after trade reforms is desirable; the key factor that can affect the relation of "structural change and trade liberalization" with productivity is the quality of institu...

We analyze the impact of trade liberalization and removal of the federal tax credit in the United States on ethanol markets using a multimarket international ethanol model. We find that U.S. trade barriers have been effective in protecting the ethanol industry. Under current policy, there is separability of the U.S. ethanol market from world markets. With trade liberalization, the ethanol marke...

Liberalization of markets is the most important prerequisite for the process of Globalisation. In fact, liberalization has the capacity to increase countries wealth more than development aid. Once developing countries like SouthKorea, Taiwan, Singapore and Hong Kong for example became the so-called economically successful Asian “Tiger states” of the 1980s. In Europe, Ireland is a similar exampl...

We study a two period representative agent economy in which economic liberalization is modeled as adding a positive random variable to the marginal product of capital. We show liberalization always raises the expected utility of agents. Agents may respond to this by increasing consumption in the ̄rst period. Consequently, consumption in the second period is sometimes smaller than the in the ̄rs...

Th is paper analyses the nature and causes of the patterns of inequality and poverty in India. Since the economic liberalization in the early 1990s, the evidence suggests increasing inequality (in both spatial and vertical terms) as well as persistent poverty. Th e macroeconomic policies possibly responsible for these trends include—fi scal tightening, regressive tax policies and expenditure cu...

This paper investigates how financial, trade, institutional and political liberalization policies have affected financial efficiency in Africa. It uses updated data to appraise second generation reforms in order to gather fresh evidence and derive more updated policy implications. The ‘freedom to trade’ and ‘economic freedom’ indices are also employed. The following findings are established. (1...

OBJECTIVE In the last decade, important advances were made in the struggle for reproductive rights in Mexico. The goal of this study was to discover the opinions of decision-makers about the grounds for legal abortion as well as to explore their perceptions about further liberalization of abortion laws countrywide. MATERIAL AND METHODS In-depth interviews were conducted with eight prominent d...

the purpose of this paper is to evaluate the effect of financial liberalization on exchange rate volatilities of the selected developing countries, which are now known as liberalizing countries. thus we test the hypothesis in which financial liberalization effect exchange rate volatilities in 43 selected developing countries during 1996-2005. accordingly, a regression model of exchange rate vol...

trade linearization according to scale, composite, and technology effects, changes the environment quality. on the other hand, trade liberalization, increases capital flow in the world. based on pollution haven hypothesis, polluted intensive industries move from the countries with stringent environmental policies to those with more relaxed environmental policies. in order to evaluate the effect...

sunflower is one of four main annual oil plants that cultivated in oil and nut varieties. this plant as an important and industrial food product and because of nutritional features and the potential for earning exchange has become a valuable product in foreign and inner markets and has a special position in agricultural sector. khoy, by producing 40 percent of sunflower productions of country a...