Here we establish the thermodynamic phase stability condition under mesoscale confinement, which is essential in elucidating how confinement of solutions inside a droplet, cell or liposome may influence separation. To clarify affected by external conditions, formal analogy between partially open ensemble and mesoscopic system will be exploited, through nonnegligible role boundary identified as ...

Water shows anomalies different from most of other materials. Different sceniaros have been proposed to explain water anomalies, among which the liquid-liquid phase transition (LLPT) is the most discussed one. It attributes water anomalies to the existence of a hypothesized liquid-liquid critical point (LLCP) buried deep in the supercooled region. We briefly review the recent experimental and t...

Background In a system of two immiscible liquids, usually water (or an aqueous solution) and an organic liquid (e.g. an oil), there are two general types of dispersions which can be formed depending on the conditions of the system. A water-in-oil (W/O) dispersion is a dispersion formed when the aqueous phase is dispersed in the organic phase and an oil-in-water (O/W) dispersion is a dispersion ...

In this work, reactive absorption of gases in aqueous electrolyte solutions has been investigated resulting in the development of a procedure in order to calculate the concentrations of ionic and molecular species in the liquid phase. Two duplicate experiments were conducted to investigate simultaneous reactive absorption of ammonia and carbon dioxide in partially carbonated ammonia solutio...

The catalytic oxidation of toluene to benzoic acid in the liquid phase has been studied in an un-stirred tank reactor. Low concentration of acetic acid was added in order to increase the solubility of the catalyst in toluene. The dependence of the rate of reaction on the concentration of toluene catalyst and oxygen pressure was studied. It has been suggested that liquid phase oxidation of t...

Phase inversion in liquid-liquid dispersions corresponds to the transitional boundary between Oil-in-Aqueous dispersion and Aqueous-in-Oil dispersion. A theoretical model based on simple assumptions was proposed to predict phase inversion point, ambivalence region and the hysteresis effect of inversion. Experimental data from the literature were used to validate the model and results were c...

A simple and efficient homogenous liquid-liquid extraction method performed in a narrow tube combined with dispersive liquid-liquid microextraction method has been presented for the simultaneous determination of two antiepileptic drugs in urine followed by gas chromatography with flame ionization detection. In this method, a mixture of acetonitrile and urine sample (homogenous solution) is load...