This paper experimentally analyzes the schooling decisions of poor households with adolescent children in urban Brazil. Parents in our study were being paid large monthly transfers by the local government conditional upon their children attending school. We elicit parents’ incentivized choices between such conditional monthly payments and guaranteed, unconditional monthly payments of varying re...

y 00 (except at t = 0). One additional differentiation to get y 000 guarantees full column rank equal to three for the coefficient matrix of vector x. For the example, this rank condition is equivalent to the 1-full condition on the Jacobian O j; k of (11) for the time-varying linearization. (We may take j = 1 and k = 3.) Thus we have smooth observability on the interval [0; T ] for the time-va...

Visual object recognition is an important challenge to widespread deployment of mobile robots in real-world domains characterized by partial observability and unforeseen dynamic changes. This paper describes an algorithm that enables robots to use motion cues to identify (and focus on) a set of interesting objects, automatically extracting appearance-based and contextual cues from a small numbe...

Starting from Maxwell’s equations, we derive a sensor model for three-axis magnetometers suitable for localization and tracking applications. The model depends on the relative position between the sensor and the target, orientation of the target and its magnetic signature. Both point targets and extended target models are provided. The models are validated on data taken from various road vehicl...

This paper deals with observability of affine discrete-time asynchronous switched systems, that is affine switched systems whose switching times may be different from sampling instants. Two observability notions are studied: pathwise observability and mode observability. We show that there exist some sampling frequencies that preserve pathwise observability if any subsystem is observable. Neces...

We consider observability for a class of piecewise-affine hybrid systems without inputs. The aim is to give verifiable conditions for observability in terms of linear equations and inequalities. We first discuss a number of important concepts, such as discrete-event detectability and trajectory observability. We give sufficient conditions for observability, observability in infinitesimal time, ...

A new algorithm is presented that computes exact or approximate ob-servability don't care (ODC) sets for multiple-level combinational network. The proposed algorithms are eecient because they use only local information. A method for deriving the equivalence classes of a Boolean relation from the observability don't care sets is then proposed. Experimental results on computing ODC sets are repor...

Globally, local anaesthesia is a vital skill and part of the undergraduate dental curriculum. The inferior alveolar nerve block (IANB) most frequent regional techniques employed in procedures. However, this technique has been reported to have high rates failure among undergraduates interns. Local Anaesthetic Simulator Kit (LASK) therefore developed. main objective study thus examine factors con...