Earlier we defined the Proj of a graded ring. In these notes we introduce a relative version of this construction, which is the Proj of a sheaf of graded algebras S over a scheme X. This construction is useful in particular because it allows us to construct the projective space bundle associated to a locally free sheaf E , and it allows us to give a definition of blowing up with respect to an a...

A group is called HNN-free if it has no subgroups that are nontrivial HNN-extensions. 23 We prove that finitely generated HNN-free implies virtually polycyclic for a large class of groups. We also consider finitely generated groups with no free subsemigroups of rank 2 25 and show that in many situations such groups are virtually nilpotent. Finally, as an application of our results, we determine...

We consider five known problems, show that three of them are equivalent, and all of them have an affirmative answer in the class of locally graded groups. Outside of this class a counterexample is known to only one problem.

We investigate shift invariant subspaces of $L^2(G)$, where $G$ is a locally compact abelian group. We show that every shift invariant space can be decomposed as an orthogonal sum of spaces each of which is generated by a single function whose shifts form a Parseval frame. For a second countable locally compact abelian group $G$ we prove a useful Hilbert space isomorphism, introduce range funct...