M proteins that define the serotypes of group A streptococci are powerful blastogens for human T lymphocytes. The mechanism by which they activate T cells was investigated and compared with the conventional T cell mitogen phytohemagglutinin, and the known superantigen staphylococcal enterotoxin B. Although major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class II molecules are required for presentation, ...

Mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis (MAP) is the etiologic agent of Johne's disease in ruminants and there has been a shift in the public health approach to MAP and human diseases like Crohn's disease. The prevention of infection by MAP in ruminants is thought to deter the high impact of economic losses in the level of dairy industry and possible spreading of this pathogen in dairy prod...

three experiments were conducted in tissue culture and biotechnology laboratory of horticulture department of mohaghegh ardabili university in 2012. for the regeneration of plant from seed, different concentrations of naoh (5, 10, 15, 20 m) and various scarification methods with sandpaper (soft scarification, medium scarification and hard scarification) were used based on completely randomized ...

The mechanism of the pathogenesis of rheumat ic fever and rheumat ic carditis remains unknown (1). Efforts to vaccinate against group A streptococci have been hampered by toxicity of most preparat ions of M protein and the fear that streptococcal vaccines may contain some of the antigens shown to be cross-reactive with heart tissues (2-4) and, therefore, theoretically may trigger, rather than p...

the purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of 8 weeks of endurance training (et) on ? -1a protein of pre-synaptic p-q-type calcium channels in fhl and soleus muscles of rats. 16 male wistar rats provided from razi institute, were randomly divided to 2 groups (control-sham; n=8 and endurance training; n= 8). training group performed 8 weeks (5 session/week) of endurance training on...