e vast majority of literature devoted to independent cinema focuses on American fi lm production. When I was looking for books on independent cinema in my university library, out of about twenty fi ve, I identifi ed twenty or so devoted exclusively to American cinema. For the majority of scholars and students, using the term “independent” means independent from Hollywood, not only in terms of f...

Based on the data provided by the cultural authorities in the past 20 years, about 40 million audiences of cinema in Iran have been fallen. In other words, Iranians, on average, are spending only 15 minutes in a year at cinemas. The main objective of this study was to investigate this fact hence Bourdieu's theory was utilized to study the effects of social, cultural and economic capitals on cin...

In his article "The Suppression of Satirizing Belgian Community Difficulties in Flemish Cinema and the Film Adaptation of Will-O'-the Wisp" Gertjan Willems analyzes two film projects of Frans Buyens. In 1970, Buyens received a positive funding recommendation for Top-Hit Girl, a satire about community difficulties in Belgium. However, Minister of Culture Frans van Mechelen refused to support the...

In the First Republic, question of whether censorship would continue to exist for theater and cinema was not clear: Constitutional Court (VfGH) first confirmed, then suspended it. Vorarlberg, however, regional government kept on exercising censorship, had stop this practice. addition competences also an important issue at time regulation cinema. The ruled in favor Vienna (by confirming Viennese...

Gilles Deleuze, in his two books on film, Cinema 1: The Movement-Image and Cinema 2: The Time-Image, proposes a revolutionary approach to film theory. Drawing on Deleuze's own philosophy of repetition and difference and the work of Henri Bergson, the Cinema books extend these theories to foreground those aspects that are most essential to the medium: that film unfolds in time, and is comprised ...

Cinema therapy is a creative therapy technique in which a trained psychotherapist uses the films as a therapy tool. According to the film therapist Gary Solomon, cinema therapy is usage of films which have positive effects on people except psychotic disorders. In cinema therapy movies are used by psychiatrists, psychologists, clinical social workers, psychiatric nurses, art therapists, academic...