Mitochondrial mRNAs encoding subunits of respiratory-chain complexes in kinetoplastids are post-transcriptionally edited by uridine insertion and deletion. In order to identify the proteins encoded by these mRNAs, we have analyzed respiratory-chain complexes from cultured cells of Crithidia fasciculata with the aid of 2D polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (PAGE). The subunit composition of F0F1...

Hemoglobin-based oxygen carriers have long been pursued to meet clinical needs by using native hemoglobin (Hb) from human or animal blood, recombinantly produced Hb, but the development has impeded safety and toxicity issues. Herewith we report successful production of fetal (HbF) in Nicotiana benthamiana through Agrobacterium tumefaciens-mediated transient expression. HbF is a heterotetrameric...

chronic granulomatous disease (cgd) is a rare primary immunodeficiency disorder due to a genetic defect in one of the components of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (nadph) oxidase complex. this complex is composed of membrane-bound gp91- phox and p22- phox subunits, and cytosolic subunits consisting of p47- phox , p67- phox , and p40- phox . a mutation in cybb gene encoding gp91- ph...

Crystals of intact small ribosomal subunits from Thermus thermophilus have been obtained from functionally active particles. The crystals (P42(1)2, 407 A x 407 A x 171 A) are suitable for X-ray crystallography analysis to 9.9 A using synchrotron radiation at cryotemperature. Crystallographic data from native and a potential heavy-atom derivative have been collected.

The electron density map of the small ribosomal subunit from Thermus thermophilus, constructed at 4.5 A resolution, shows the recognizable morphology of this particle, as well as structural features that were interpreted as ribosomal RNA and proteins. Unbiased assignments, carried out by quantitative covalent binding of heavy atom compounds at predetermined sites, led to the localization of the...

RNA polymerase from human influenza viruses A, B and C is a heterotrimric enzyme, made up of three different subunits. It performs the crucial function both genome replication as well transcription. One subunits, acidic protein subunit (PA), suggested to an endonuclease in ‘cap-snatching’ mechanism, unique viruses. However, by multiple sequence alignment (MSA) analysis, it was found that PA sub...

The Mediator complex controls transcription of most eukaryotic genes with individual subunits required for the control particular gene regulons in response to various perturbations. In this study, we reveal roles plant MED16, MED14, and MED2 regulating phytohormone abscisic acid (ABA) determine which cis elements are under their control. Using synthetic promoter reporters established an effecti...

hemoglobin is a tetrameric oxygen transport protein in animal bodies. however, there is a paucity of information regarding differences between alpha and beta subunits of hemoglobin in terms of oxygen affinity. the sequential model of koshland, nemthy and filmer (knf model) has attributed similar affinities to both alpha and beta subunits. the main purpose of the present study is to construct a ...