Being reformed under NAFTA negotiations and in compliance with the TRIPs Argreement (Trade Related Intellectual Property Rights) when Mexico joined the World Trade Organization, patent protection for pharmaceuticals in this country has been strictly strengthened since 1991 with the new Industrial Property Law. The aim of this paper is to make a first brief evaluation of the effects carried unti...

The future of China’s energy industry will include market-oriented reforms. Property rights are a fundamental right in a market economy, and the protection of property rights is a cornerstone of a market economy. The definition and protection of the energy industry’s property rights include the precondition that any enterprise, including various State-owned enterprises (“SOEs”), the three major...

This paper examines the nature of market orientation (MO) in entrepreneurial firms and proposes a conceptual model of market firm interface appropriate to entrepreneur led firms.

Based on a feasibility analysis on the product and source market orientation of the Ailing River Drifting Scenic Spot, this article explores its product quality as well as market strategies in four aspects including product, price, promotion and place.

7

We provide cross-country evidence to examine how financial market development affects innovation. Using a large data set including 34 developed as well as emerging countries, we differentiate the impacts of equity market and credit market development on a country’s innovation productivity measured by patenting. Our baseline results show that, while the development of equity markets encourages i...

the law of prohibition of unfair competition prohibits any deed or action which is against the normal competition in the market. before emergence of special laws for protection of intellectual property rights, including trademarks, such right could be protected either by tort law claims or law of unfair competition. however, the law of prohibition of unfair competition covers a wider area than ...

In this paper we investigate to what extent the labour market integration of young people within the European Union is influenced by national institutional contexts of both the employment system and the education/training system. For this purpose, data of the 1992-1997 European Community Labour Force Surveys (ECLFS) were used. We looked at three important indicators that capture the (lack of) l...

This paper documents recent advances of research on labor market institutions, behavior, and policies in developing countries and makes suggestions for future research. The four areas of research analyzed are: i) theoretical and empirical implications of employment protection legislation on labor outcomes; ii) the issue of shifting from job to worker protection, namely, the different alternativ...

pon hearing the term “market-based approaches to (or economic incentives for) environmental protection,” some people assume this means letting unfettered competition between unregulated private firms determine how clean our air or water will be, how much open space we will have, or how many fish stocks will be driven to collapse. Nothing of the sort is intended. In fact, market-based approaches...