Using four rounds of panel household data from the Kagera region of Tanzania, we show that transitory income shocks – measured by the value of crop lost by farming households – lead to significantly increased child labor. A one standard deviation increase in the shock is associated with a 10% increase in mean child working hours. Moreover, we find that households with collateralizable assets – ...

Employment Protection and Product Market Competition by Sebastian Kessing A firm facing employment protection will defend its market position more fiercely than a firm operating without such restrictions. However, ex ante it will be more reluctant to expand its market position. For the benchmark case of contest competition, the defensive effect dominates. A firm facing employment protection has...

In a model with endogenous number of innovating firms, we show that whether patent protection increases R&D investment is ambiguous, and depends on the market demand function and the cost of R&D. If the market size increases with number of firms, patent protection reduces R&D investment if the cost of R&D is sufficiently high, and higher product differentiation increases the possibility of lowe...

the comparative advantage of iran kiwi production and the effects of governmental applied policies on the production process of kiwi fruit investigated over the period 1998-2003 by using policy analysis matrix. iran has had comparative advantage in the production of this crop, but the profitability of this crop has been decreased in 1998-2003. the amount of domestic resource cost index has incr...

Using estimates of protection in the EU market against US exports, this paper illustrates the relative importance of natural and policy sources of protection and the measurement errors induced in the measurement of effective protection by omitting transactions costs. It also considers protection in the EU 'domestic' and export market, and the implications of the elimination of tariff barriers o...

E-business enterprises provide personalize services for customers based on their privacy information. However, customers benefit from personalization while suffering from privacy concern. The tradeoff between consumers’ benefit function and firms’ earnings function are explored when an incumbent adopts privacy protection in perfect monopoly market. It also found that when the potential entrant ...

A firm facing employment protection will defend its market position more fiercely than a firm operating without such restrictions. However, ex ante it will be more reluctant to expand its market position. For the benchmark case of contest competition, the defensive effect dominates. A firm facing employment protection has a stronger average market position. JEL classification: D44, J63