background & aims of the study: petrochemical industry is an important industry in the economic development of the country that causes employees have exposure with several kinds of contamination. the aim of this study was semi-quantitative assessment of the health risk of occupational exposure to chemical materials and investigation of spirometry indices between employees of petrochemical indus...

Background: Intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) is a type of intracranial bleed that occurs within the brain tissue or ventricles. The present study aimed to review the association between ICH and cerebral palsy (CP) in the preterm infants. Materials and Methods: <s...

This paper explores sovereign risk preferences against direct and indirect natural disasters losses in industrialized countries. Using Australia as a case study, the analysis compares expected disaster losses and government capacity to finance losses. Utilizing a national disaster loss dataset, extreme value theory is applied to estimate an all-hazard annual loss distribution. Unusually but cri...

To differentiate from competitors, some organizations are transforming their business models from offering single products or services to providing IT solutions. In an IT solution, the provider and the customer co-operate in integrating hardware, software and service components to fulfil customerspecific needs. The new business model, however, presents new risks, for example, those engendered b...

This paper evaluates whether the medium-term risk of the stock market is sufficient to explain its high average rate of return relative to a risk-free investment. The medium-term risk of stocks is measured by the covariance of a market return over a quarter and consumption growth over horizons of one to three years. The medium-term risk of equity in aggregate consumption data is an order of mag...