The mitochondrial uncoupling protein (UCP) is usually expressed only in brown adipose tissue (BAT) and a key molecule for metabolic thermogenesis. The effects of a highly selective beta 3-adrenergic agonist, CL316,243 (CL), on UCP expression in skeletal muscle and adipose tissues were examined in mice. Daily injection of CL (0.1 mg/kg, sc) to obese yellow KK mice for two weeks caused a signific...

Knuckle pads occur from benign thickening of the skin, principally the epidermis, and are occasionally seen in children. Despite the name, knuckle pads most commonly overlie the proximal interphalangeal joints. They must be differentiated from a variety of other cutaneous abnormalities. There is no consistently effective treatment, but knuckle pads have been reported to resolve spontaneously in...

Transgenic mice overexpressing transforming growth factor alpha (TGF-alpha) under control of the metallothionein promoter had, on average, 20% reductions in body and carcass weights compared to nontransgenic littermates. This loss resulted from significant decreases in the comparative weights of bone, muscle, and especially fat. Transgenic epididymal fat pads were reduced by 40-80%, and total b...

BACKGROUND Primary antibody deficiencies (PADs) are heterogeneous group of disorders, characterized by hypogammaglobulinemia and increased susceptibility to recurrent infections. To evaluate the diagnostic delay in Iranian PADs in association with their infections, we scored such manifestations to find an association between such delay and the scoring system. METHODS Forty-eight patients with...

Overview Until now, your choice of PCB design tools has been a frustrating compromise. High-end enterprise solutions that handle design complexity come with too much unnecessary overhead and the associated challenges of usability and cost of ownership. Desktop solutions are easier to use and have lower cost, but productivity bogs down as design complexity increases. PADS Professional provides t...

BACKGROUND Contact dermatitis resulting from the use of shin pads is usually caused by rubber components, dyes, benzoyl peroxide, or formaldehyde resins. OBJECTIVES To investigate and identify a new allergen in shin pads that was responsible for severe contact dermatitis in a young football player. METHODS High-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) of samples of shin pads was performed. ...

The aim of this study was to assess whether slanted gel pads can be used to optimize beam-flow angles and flow velocity measurements for Doppler ultrasound. The right carotid artery of a single healthy female volunteer was measured alternatively five times without and with an 18° angled slanted gel pad between the ultrasound transducer and skin by 13 radiologists. Beam-flow angles and peak syst...

OBJECTIVE The introduction of shoulder pads has coincided with a rise in shoulder impact injuries in the game of rugby. In this study, the effect of shoulder pads on impact force attenuation was quantified. DESIGN Four different commercially available shoulder pads were tested for material properties. Hard and soft objects were dropped from predetermined heights onto a force plate imparting p...

Tree frogs use adhesive toe pads for climbing on a variety of surfaces. They rely on wet adhesion, which is aided by the secretion of mucus. In nature, the pads will undoubtedly get contaminated regularly through usage, but appear to maintain their stickiness over time. Here, we show in two experiments that the toe pads of White's tree frogs (Litoria caerulea) quickly recover from contamination...