Abstract. Characteristics and trends of surface ocean dimethylsulfide (DMS) concentrations fluxes into the atmosphere four Earth system models (ESMs: CNRM-ESM2-1, MIROC-ES2L, NorESM2-LM, UKESM1-0-LL) are analysed over recent past (1980–2009) future, using Coupled Model Intercomparison Project 6 (CMIP6) simulations. The DMS in historical simulations systematically underestimate most widely used ...

Abstract. This paper provides initial results from a multi-model ensemble analysis based on the volc-pinatubo-full experiment performed within Model Intercomparison Project climatic response to Volcanic forcing (VolMIP) as part of sixth phase Coupled (CMIP6). The is an volcanic forcing-only climate simulations with same aerosol dataset across participating models (the 1991–1993 Pinatubo period ...

Ongoing climate change poses a major threat to the soil resources of many African countries that mainly rely on an agricultural economy. While arid and semi-arid lands (ASALs) take up most Kenya’s land mass, approximately 64% its total croplands lie within mountainous areas with high rainfall, hence, highly vulnerable water erosion. Flooding Great Lakes increasing desertification ASALs are illu...

Pistacia eurycarpa Yalt and khinjuk Stocks are two important endemic tree species inhabiting mountainous regions in Iraq. Their cultural, medical, ecological benefits have captured the interest of this study. Numerous researchers revealed how to what extent global climate change alters species’ habitats distribution. This approach aims quantify current future distribution these region provide b...

Abstract. This study uses a chemistry–climate model CHASER (MIROC) to explore the roles of heterogeneous reactions (HRs) in global tropospheric chemistry. Three distinct HRs N2O5, HO2, and RO2 are considered for surfaces aerosols cloud particles. The simulation is verified with EANET EMEP stationary observations; R/V Mirai ship-based data; ATom1 aircraft measurements; satellite observations by ...