Previous studies of the U.S. Great Depression find that increased government spending and taxation contributed little to either the dramatic downturn or the slow recovery. These studies include only one type of capital taxation: a business profits tax. The contribution is much greater when the analysis includes other types of capital taxes. A general equilibrium model extended to include taxes ...

BACKGROUND The purpose of this study was to determine the accuracy of used and new reamer systems for both hemispherical and minimally invasive (MIS) acetabular reamers. METHODS New and used hemispherical and MIS acetabular reamers were tested on a computer numerical control machine to ream holes in special machinable wax blocks. Each reamer was tested 3 times in sizes 48 mm through 55 mm. ...

MIS implementation is viewed from the context of the organizational introduction of a technological innovation. MIS infusion is conceptualized as a construct for a final stage of the MIS implementation process. Relevant methodological issues are operationalized. The findings indicate two critical factors that directly influence the level of MIS infusion: active communication network behaviors a...

Calcitriol (1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D(3)) inhibits the growth of a variety of cancer cells including human prostate cancer. Müllerian-inhibiting substance (MIS) also exhibits antiproliferative and proapoptotic actions on multiple cancer cells including human prostate cancer. In this study, we investigated whether calcitriol regulated MIS expression in prostate cancer, an action that might contrib...

Müllerian inhibiting substance (MIS or anti-Müllerian hormone) is a member of the transforming growth factor-beta family and plays a pivotal role in proper male sexual differentiation. Members of this family signal by the assembly of two related serine/threonine kinase receptors, referred to as type I or type II receptors, and downstream cytoplasmic Smad effector proteins. Although the MIS type...

BACKGROUND Minimally invasive surgery (MIS) spine procedures were developed to limit operative time, the extent of dissection, and reduce perioperative morbidity. Here, we asked what are the "learning curves" for these MIS spine procedures? METHODS We reviewed studies in the literature that discussed the "learning curves" attributed to performing different MIS spine surgical procedures. Of in...

Tau proteins, which stabilize the structure and regulate the dynamics of microtubules, also play important roles in axonal transport and signal transduction. Tau proteins are missorted, aggregated, and found as tau inclusions under many pathological conditions associated with neurodegenerative disorders, which are collectively known as tauopathies. In the adult human brain, tau protein can be e...

As a result of the progress in mobile computing, people can access various kinds of local information on the Internet for use in daily life. However, such contents and services are heterogeneous and distributed. There is thus a need for a mobile-computing methodology and services for utilizing local information from the Internet. In this paper we introduce a research project entitled Mobile Inf...

OBJECTIVE To evaluate the radiographic results of minimally invasive (MIS) anterior lumbar interbody fusion (ALIF) and transforaminal lumbar interbody fusion (TLIF). METHODS Twelve and nineteen patients who underwent MIS-ALIF, MIS-TLIF, respectively, from 2006 to 2008 were analyzed with a minimum 24-months' follow-up. Additionally, 18 patients treated with single level open TLIF surgery in 20...

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Minimally invasive surgery (MIS) for hip replacement is thought to minimize soft tissue damage. We determined the damage caused by 4 different MIS approaches as compared to a conventional lateral transgluteal approach. METHODS 5 surgeons each performed a total hip arthroplasty on 5 fresh frozen cadaver hips, using either a MIS anterior, MIS anterolateral, MIS 2-incision...