The BL Lac object Mkn 501, one of the only three extragalactic sources (with Mkn 421 and 1ES 2344+514) so far detected at TeV energies, was observed with the BeppoSAX satellite on 7, 11, and 16 April 1997 during a phase of high activity at TeV energies, as monitored with the Whipple, HEGRA and CAT Cherenkov telescopes. Over the whole 0.1-200 keV range the spectrum was exceptionally hard (α ≤ 1,...

OBJECTIVE Direct interaction with cancer-associated fibroblasts triggers WNT5A expression in human gastric carcinoma (GC) cells. In this study, we performed gene transduction experiments to investigate the significance of WNT5A in the GC tumor microenvironment. METHODS Gene transduction (pWNT5A and shWNT5A) was performed in human GC-derived MKN-7 cells. Altered gene expression was examined by...

Using the recent models of Malkan & Stecker (2001) for the infrared background radiation and extrapolating them into the optical and UV range using recent galaxy count data, we rederive the optical depth of the Universe to high energy γ-rays as a function of energy and redshift for energies betweeen 50 GeV and 100 TeV and redshifts between 0.03 and 0.3. We then use these results to derive the i...

The TeV and X-ray data obtained by the imaging Cherenkov telescope CAT and X-ray satellite BeppoSAX during the remarkable flare of Mkn 501 in April 16, 1997 are used to constrain the flux of the Cosmic Infrared Background (CIB) using different CIB models. We show that a non-negligible absorption of γ-rays due to the CIB could take place already in the low-energy (sub-TeV) domain of the spectrum...

background: gastric cancer (gc) is widely associated with chronic inflammation. the pro inflammatory microenvironment provides conditions that disrupt stem/progenitor cell proliferation and differentiation. the signal transducer and activator of transcription- 3 (stat3) signaling pathway is involved in inflammation and also contributes to the maintenance of embryonic stem cell (escs) pluripoten...

BACKGROUND We have previously studied p53 gene mutations in 25 primary gastric cancer tissues by polymerase chain reaction single-strand conformation polymorphism (PCR-SSCP) analysis for exon 4-8 and immunohistochemical staining with anti-p53 antibody. In four cases, the discrepancy of the results was observed between the two methods. In one case positive by PCR-SSCP but negative by immunohisto...

Metformin has recently been introduced as an anti-cancer agent. In this study, we evaluated the effect of metformin and metformin/cisplatin on human gastric MKN-45 cell line. When we used metformin alone, it could inhibit proliferation and induce apoptosis, but it diminish anti-proliferative effects of cisplatin when they are used in combination. Further, we checked mRNA levels of survivin, mTO...