introduction: scattered photon is one of the main defects that degrade the quality and quantitative accuracy of nuclear medicine images. accurate estimation of scatter in projection data of spect is computationally extremely demanding for activity distribution in uniform and non-uniform dense media. methods: the objective of this paper is to develop and validate a scatter correction technique t...

background: palladium-103 (103pd) is a brachytherapy source for cancer treatment. the monte carlo codes are usually applied for dose distribution and effect of shieldings. monte carlo calculation of dose distribution in water phantom due to a med3633 103pd source is presented in this work. materials and methods: the dose distribution around the 103pd model med3633 located in the center of 30×30...

Introduction: The received dose to the surface of tumor bed is one of the main issues in beast intraopeative radiotherapy (IORT). Totally, the administered dose to the surface is usually lower than that of radiotherapy reference point (distal end of tumor bed). Employing a buildup bolus can effectively increase the surface dose and therefore, eliminate such created cold points ...

medicinal chemistry depends on many other disciplines ranging from organic chemistry andpharmacology to computational chemistry. typically medicinal chemists use the moststraightforward ways to prepare compounds. the validation of any design project comes from thebiological testing.studies of the binding site of vinblastine by a single cross—linking experiment identified it asbeing between resi...

in this paper, an interval approach is presented to achieve perfect selectivity and maximum sensitivity in distance relay zones, considering uncertainties. for this purpose, first, the uncertainties affecting the settings of the three zones of a distance relay are discussed. then, by using the monte-carlo simulation, the uncertainties are modelled and the impedances seen by the distance relay a...

background: gold nanoparticles (gnps) have been shown as a good radiosensitizer. in combination with radiotherapy, several studies with orthovoltage x-rays have shown considerable dose enhancement effects. this paper reports the dose enhancement factor (def) due to gnps in 18 megavoltage (mv) beams. materials and methods: different geometrical 50-nm gnps configurations at a concentration of 5 m...

background: exposure conditions in ct examinations are quite different from conventional xray. in ct examination higher dose is given to patient in comparison with the dose in other diagnostic examinations. in order to calculate organ effective dose in chest ct, monte carlo simulation has been used in this study. materials and methods: the impact survey data were used to determine the parameter...

Background: The dosimetric parameters required in lung cancer radiation therapy are taken from a homogeneous water phantom; however, during treatment, the expected results are being affected because of its inhomogeneity. Therefore, it becomes necessary to quantify these deviations.Objective: The present study has been undertaken to find out inter- and intra- lung density variations and its dosi...