a general synthetic route to the synthesis of imidazoles has been developed using nano sbcl5/sio2 under solvent-free conditions. the multi-component reactions of aldehydes, benzil and ammonium acetate were carried out to afford some trisubstituted imidazole derivatives. this method provides several advantages like simple work-up, environmentally benign, and shorter reaction times along with hig...

Medical case reports (MCRs) have been undervalued in the literature to date. It seems that while case series emphasize what is probable, case reports describe what is possible and what can go wrong. MCRs transfer medical knowledge and act as educational tools. We outline evolving aspects of the MCR in current practice.

Mesophotic coral reefs (MCRs) are an understudied continuum of shallow coral reef communities at depths of 30 to 150 m. These reefs are subject to gradients of light and nutrients that results in changes to the community structure and function with increased depth. The upper mesophotic reef is comprised of many of the same species that are found in shallow coral reef systems. However, the lower...

The evolution of the melanocortin receptors (MCRs) is linked to the evolution of adrenocorticotrophic hormone (ACTH), the melanocyte-stimulating hormones (MSHs), and their common precursor pro-opiomelanocortin (POMC). The origin of the MCRs and POMC appears to be grounded in the early radiation of the ancestral protochordates. During the genome duplications that have occurred during the evoluti...

The melanocortin receptors (MCRs) are a gene family in the rhodopsin class of G protein-coupled receptors. Based on the analysis of several metazoan genome databases it appears that the MCRs are only found in chordates. The presence of five genes in the family (i.e., mc1r, mc2r, mc3r, mc4r, mc5r) in representatives of the tetrapods indicates that the gene family is the result of two genome dupl...

Highly functionalized multisubstituted 1,4-dihydropyridines 5 have been concisely synthesized in moderate to good yields via L-proline-catalyzed one-pot multicomponent reactions (MCRs) of alkynoates or alkynones 1, amines 2, beta-dicarbonyl compounds 3 and aldehydes 4 under mild conditions. The MCR process involves hydroamination/Knoevenagel condensation/Michael-type addition/intramolecular cyc...

While some sequential electrophilic aromatic substitution reactions, known as tandem/domino/cascade reactions, have been reported for the construction of aromatic single skeletons, one of the most interesting and challenging possibilities remains the one-pot build-up of a complex aromatic molecule from multiple starting components, i.e., ultimately multi-component electrophilic aromatic substit...