Antibiotic resistance is a growing problem which threatens modern healthcare globally. Resistance has traditionally been viewed as a clinical problem, but recently non-clinical environments have been highlighted as an important factor in the dissemination of antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs). Horizontal gene transfer (HGT) events are likely to be common in aquatic environments; integrons in pa...

Genome sequencing of Campylobacter jejuni strain T1-21 isolated from retail chicken meat revealed the presence of a chromosome of 1,565,978 bp and a megaplasmid of 82,732 bp that contains Mu-like prophage and multidrug resistance genes. This is the first reported sequence of a Campylobacter megaplasmid >55 kb.

Bacterial resistance presents therapeutic dilemmas to clinicians worldwide. The warnings were there long ago, but too few people heeded them. Thus an emerging problem has grown to a crisis. Resistance is an ecological phenomenon stemming from the response of bacteria to the widespread use of antibiotics and their presence in the environment. While determining the consequences of inaction on the...

conclusions this study detected multiple drug resistance (mdr) in p. aeruginosa including aminoglycosides. therefore, identification of drug resistance patterns in p. aeruginosa is of great importance in prevention and control of infections in burn patient centers. background the prevalence of resistance to aminoglycosides among p. aeruginosa isolates has increased all around the world. the res...

galbanic acid, a sesquiterpene coumarin from ferula szowitsiana , and conferol, another sesquiterpene coumarin from f. badrakema , were evaluated for their effects on the reversal of multi-drug resistance in clinical isolates of staphylococcus aureus and escherichia coli , respectively. neither galbanic acid (up to 1000 μg/ml) nor conferol (up to 400 μg/ml) by itself shows any antibacterial act...

Background and Objective: The drug resistance mutations are key elements in the failure of long-term treatment of Hepatitis B virus (HBV) and human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infections. The mutation in the YMDD motif in the P gene of HBV is the most critical factor in antiviral drug (especially lamivudine) resistance. This study aimed to assess the YMDD motif and other polymerase gene mutati...

Antibiotic pollution has recently been a global environmental and human health concern. When bacteria are exposed to antibiotics, they express drug resistance. Drug resistance genes can be vertically and horizontally transferred in the environment. In this paper, I provide a summary of our work on one category of tetracycline resistance gene, termed ribosomal protection protein gene. In particu...

background: extended spectrum beta lactamases (esbls) are an important cause of transferable multidrug resistance (mdr) in gram-negative bacteria. the most described esbl genes are generally found within integron-like structures as mobile genetic elements. the aim of this study was to identify the accompanying of class 1 integrons and esbls in the mdr e. coli isolates. methods: susceptibility t...

multidrug resistance (mdr) is a complex phenomenon in which many different genes regulating drug transport, cellular repair, detoxification and drug metabolism are involved. nevertheless, in most drug resistant cell lines and cancer patients up-regulation of abc-transporter genes such as mdr associated protein (mrp1) gene could be at the basis of the drug resistance phenotype. we aimed to decre...

BACKGROUND Streptococcus suis infections are a serious problem for both humans and pigs worldwide. The emergence and increasing prevalence of antibiotic-resistant S. suis strains pose significant clinical and societal challenges. RESULTS In our study, we sequenced one multi-drug-resistant S. suis strain, R61, and one S. suis strain, A7, which is fully sensitive to all tested antibiotics. Comp...