animals that breed in ground holes can be exposed to higher doses of radiation from natural radioactive isotopes, including radon and its daughters, present in soil air. one of such species is the sand martin riparia riparia. examination of natural burrows in sand mines revealed radon levels of 2.82-1320 bq/m3 in the examined soil horizon where martins dug their burrows. it was shown that adult...

introduction the exposure of human beings to ionizing radiation from natural sources is a continuing and inescapable feature of life on earth. for most individuals, this exposure exceeds that from all man-made sources combined. materials and methods in this study, the annual effective dose in high level environmental background radiation areas (hlebras) of northern city of ramsar in iran was de...

Natural and man-made sources of ionizing radiation have made and continue to make invaluable contributions to society and to individuals. Radiation is part of nature. Natural sources of radiation including radon gas from the earth’s crust and cosmic radiation from outer space account for 80-90 percent of the radiation to which the public is exposed every year. Man-made sources provide hundreds ...