We present a microstructure-based dual-core dispersion-compensating fiber (DCF) design for dispersion compensation in long-haul optical communication links. The design has been conceptualized by combining the all-solid dual-core DCF and dispersion-compensating photonic crystal fiber. The fiber design has been analyzed numerically by using a full vectorial finite difference time domain method. W...

this study was carried out to determination of in vitro binding capacity of organic (wheat and barley) and inorganic (perlite) sources for mn, zn, cu, and fe. for this reason wheat and barley were analyzed chemically for moisture, protein, ash, and ether extract, total carbohydrate, ndf, adf, adl, crude fiber, viscosity, cellulose, and total dietary fiber. the in vitro mineral binding capacity ...

utilization of long fiber chemical pulp to enhance the strength properties of mechanical and chemi-mechanical pulp is served as a common approach by the papermakers. therefore softwood long fibers were exposed to chemical modification by cationic agent, eptmac, with the aim of reducing its consumption. then, the cationised fibers were mixed with cmp pulp with given ratios and the handsheets wer...

We report on a nonlinear preshaper that optimizes initial pulses for self-similar evolution in a next fiber amplifier. It consists of a pair of gratings and a segment of single-mode fiber (SMF). The grating pair provides negative chirp to make the pulses preshaped temporally and spectrally in the SMF. With this optimization, the self-similar amplification can be realized in a 2.2 m Yb-doped fib...

Environmentally stable high-power erbium fiber soliton lasers are constructed by Kerr or carrier-type mode locking. We obtain high-energy pulses by using relatively short fiber lengths and providing large amounts of negative dispersion with chirped fiber Bragg gratings. The pulse energies and widths generated with both types of soliton laser are found to scale with the square root of the cavity...

A photonic crystal fiber is a special class of fiber which is made of a single material and having air holes in the cladding. All the propagation characteristics such as the effective index mode, confinement loss, effective area, dispersion, mode field diameter, splice loss, bending loss are studied by varying the structural parameters. To achieve the light propagation with low confinement loss...

FoxO1, a member of the forkhead transcription factor forkhead box protein O (FoxO) family, is predominantly expressed in most muscle types. FoxO1 is a key regulator of muscle growth, metabolism, cell proliferation and differentiation. In the past two decades, many researches have indicated that FoxO1 is a negative regulator of skeletal muscle differentiation while contrasting opinions consider ...

Nerve activity controls fiber size and fiber type in skeletal muscle, but the underlying molecular mechanisms remain largely unknown. We have previously shown that Ras-mitogen-activated protein kinase and calcineurin control fiber type but not fiber size in regenerating rat skeletal muscle. Here we report that constitutively active protein kinase B (PKB), also known as Akt, increases fiber size...

Because of the limitations of existing methods and techniques for directly obtaining real-time blood data, no accurate microflow in vivo real-time analysis method exists. To establish a novel technical platform for real-time in vivo detection and to analyze average blood pressure and other blood flow parameters, a small, accurate, flexible, and nontoxic Fabry-Perot fiber sensor was designed. Th...