We demonstrate two nanofabrication methods which improve the diffraction efficiency of high-resolution soft X-ray nickel zone plates. First, pulse electroplating is shown to result in uniform diffraction efficiency over the entire zone-plate area. A resulting enhancement of the total efficiency of 20% compared to conventional DC plating was measured. Second, we demonstrate that a high-resolutio...

As plating proceeds, both nickel and hypophosphite ions are consumed. These deficiencies can be corrected by adding nickel and hypophosphite salts. However, as the byproduct phosphite accumulates, the quality of the deposit deteriorates. At some point the bath must be discarded and replaced-a practice that is expensive due to the cost of purchasing a new solution and disposing of the old one. T...

The influence of organic compounds on the process electrochemical nickel plating is considered. It shown that organoelement can be used as additives in electrolytes. proposed to investigate pyridine phosphoryl derivatives leveling and gloss-forming

The paper considers a structural approach to the study of mechanism gloss-forming effect organic additives during electrochemical nickel plating, which consists in directed synthesis compounds by sequentially introducing fragments into molecules studied agents

This paper reports on a study of the reaction of solder with the electrolessnickel with immersion gold (ENIG) plating system, and the resulting interfacial structures. A focused-ion beam (FIB) was used to polish the cross sections to reveal details of the microstructure of the ENIGplated pad with and without soldering. High-speed pull testing of solder joints was performed to expose the pad sur...

Carbon nanotubes (CNTs) have high aspect ratio and have great potential to be applied as the field emission cathode because of its large field enhancement factor. In this work, a high performance carbon nanotube field emission cathode (CNTFC) was fabricated by using a composite plating method. The CNTs were purified by acid solutions and then dispersed in electrobath with nickel ions at tempera...

Portable power sources and grid-scale storage both require batteries combining high energy density and low cost. Zinc metal battery systems are attractive due to the low cost of zinc and its high charge-storage capacity. However, under repeated plating and stripping, zinc metal anodes undergo a well-known problem, zinc dendrite formation, causing internal shorting. Here we show a backside-plati...

This paper describes the interaction of the NEMI recommended lead-free solder for reflow assembly (Sn3.8Ag0.7Cu) with different commercial printed wiring board (PWB) platings. It also discusses the effects of plating type and manufacturer on the strength of the lead-free solder joints. PWBs from two different manufacturers with the same four types of plating were examined. The platings were org...

Title of dissertation: THE EFFECT OF BORIC ACID ON THE GROWTH MECHANISM OF ELECTRODEPOSITED METAL NANOSTRUCTURES Lauren M. Graham, Doctor of Philosophy, 2014 Dissertation directed by: Prof. Sang Bok Lee Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry Electrochemical deposition (ECD) has been a primary method of metal plating for a variety of applications for nearly 100 years. Its popularity is due to it...

The plating industry is one of the main toxic chemicals consumers, which uses various chemicals, including solvents, acids, bases, cleansers, sophisticated organic ingredients, and metal salts of cadmium, nickel and chromium. Due to the growing production of industrial waste in spite of actions related to these wastes’ management, no comprehensive pattern was introduced at different levels. Thi...