Biological invasion The process by which an organism is introduced to, and establishes a sustainable population in, a region beyond its native range. Eradication The managed extirpation of an entire nonnative population. Impact The effect of a nonnative species on its environment. Invasibility The vulnerability of a habitat, community, or ecosystem to invasion. Invasion ecology A multidisciplin...

Experimental observation has led to the commonly held view that native state protein topology is the principle determinant of mechanical strength. However, the PKD domains of polycystin-1 challenge this assumption: they are stronger than predicted from their native structure. Molecular dynamics simulations suggest that force induces rearrangement to an intermediate structure, with nonnative hyd...

This study was an attempt to investigate Iranian and Spanish intermediate nonnative English learners’ request strategies to their faculty. To this aim, 74 (50 Iranian and 24 Spanish) nonnative English intermediate learners participated in this study. A discourse completion test (DCT) was used to elicit the request strategies used by the participants. The findings suggested the participants empl...

The present study has aimed at finding out whether or not students’ language background and gender bring about a distinction between the frequency and types of metadiscourse elements occurring in their papers. To this end, a dataset of 40 student papers in four series written by native male, nonnative male, native female, and nonnative female writers was analyzed quantitatively and qualitativel...

homologous immunoglobulin-like β-sandwich proteins Running title: Energetic frustrations in β-sandwich proteins Abstract Nonnative residual interactions have attracted increasing attention in recent protein folding researches. Experimental and theoretical investigations had been set out to catch nonnative contacts that might dominate key events in protein folding. However, energetic frustration...

The GroEL/GroES reaction cycle involves steps of ATP and polypeptide binding to an open GroEL ring before the GroES encapsulation step that triggers productive folding in a sequestered chamber. The physiological order of addition of ATP and nonnative polypeptide, typically to the open trans ring of an asymmetrical GroEL/GroES/ADP complex, has been unknown, although there have been assumptions t...

few, if any, studies have investigated the effect of professional experience as a rater variable and type of assessment as a task variable on raters’ criteria in the assessment of speech acts. this study aimed to explore the impact of nonnative teachers’ professional experience on the use of criteria in monologic and dialogic assessment of 12 role-plays of 3 apology speech acts. to this end, 60...