objective : this study examined forty nine instances of phobic adolescents pheromena classified in the following seven categories: school phobia, agoraphobia, zoophobia, claustrophobia, social phobia, physician fear, exam anxiety. method: the subjects were 120 female and 120 male high-school and pre-university students selected through random cluster sampling. the data were analyzed through des...

among concepts influencing jurist’s verdicts notably areharm and hardship. what is for certain is that doing aharmful act is null and void. however, there is adisagreement among jurists as to veraciousness of an actdone under hardship. comparing it with harmful acts,some believe in its annulment. some other arguments arepresented for annulment, but all of them suffer from someproblems. criticiz...

In the recent original research published on International Journal of Fertility and Sterility the association between tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) genetic polymorphisms and endometriosis in 150 Iranian patients suffered this disease. The authors notably found a lower frequency of TNF-α -863C/A allele A among the affected patients in comparison with healthy women, although this difference...

Jeremy Shiffman’s editorial appropriately calls on making all forms of power more apparent and accountable, notably productive power derived from expertise and claims to moral authority. This commentary argues that relationships based on productive power can be especially difficult to reveal in global health policy because of embedded notions about the nature of power and politics. Yet, it is e...

jeremy shiffman’s editorial appropriately calls on making all forms of power more apparent and accountable, notably productive power derived from expertise and claims to moral authority. this commentary argues that relationships based on productive power can be especially difficult to reveal in global health policy because of embedded notions about the nature of power and politics. yet, it is e...

biogenerics production has been done in lots of advanced industrial countries since last decades and its legal aspects are adequately addressed. on the other hand, the need of our country to these drugs is inevitable and its production in recent years has begun without taking its legal aspects into account. we don’t have any legal system to regulate biogenerics production and commercialize them...

Background: Phacoemulsification surgery is one of the most common surgeries in the world. Various drugs have been used alone or in combination with each other to provide effective and safe sedation in patients, but so far, a drug method agreed upon by anesthesiologists has not been proposed. The purpose of this research was to evaluate the sedative quality of midazolam or propofol with a low do...

celiac disease is a chronic, systemic and autoimmune disorder of gastrointestinal track that involves approximately 1% of individuals of all ages throughout the world. the collaboration of environmental factor such as gluten proteins and genetic factors, notably hla-dq2 and/or hla-dq8 trigger the disease. gluten-free diet is the simply and merely safe and proficient existing treatment. this art...