Micronutrient deficiencies occur frequently in refugee and displaced populations. These deficiency diseases include, in addition to the most common Fe and vitamin A deficiencies, scurvy (vitamin C deficiency), pellagra (niacin and/or tryptophan deficiency) and beriberi (thiamin deficiency), which are not seen frequently in non-emergency-affected populations. The main causes of the outbreaks hav...

Laser pyrolysis has been used to synthesize WO3 nanostructures. Spherical nano-particles were obtained when acetylene was used to carry the precursor droplet, whereas thin films were obtained at high flow-rates of oxygen carrier gas. In both environments WO3 nanowires appear only after thermal annealing of the as-deposited powders and films. Samples produced under oxygen carrier gas in the lase...

BACKGROUND Very limited information exists on the ruminal degradation kinetics of nutrients in garlic stalk. The present study aimed to survey the annual yield of garlic stalk in Korea and determine its feed-nutritive value for ruminants. METHODS In Experiment 1, garlic stalk was incubated in situ in the rumen of two Hanwoo steers (360 ± 15 kg body weight) and removed after 12, 24, or 48 h to...

Transport through nano-channels plays an important role in many biological processes and industrial applications. Gaining insights into the functioning of biological transport processes and the design of man-made nano-devices requires an understanding of the basic physics of such transport. A simple exclusion process has proven to be very useful in explaining the properties of several artificia...

In a 2×2 factorial design, 12 Thai Native and 12 Holstein bulls were fed ad libitum a total mixed ration (20 : 80; roughage : concentrate) with whole cottonseed (WCS) or sunflower seed (SFS) as oilseed sources. The rations contained 7% crude fat and were fed for 90 days. Plasma was taken at three times during the experiment, and at slaughter the longissimus dorsi and subcutaneous fat were sampl...