This article describes the development of a prototype Resilience Analysis Grid for rail traffic management. The findings from testing of the initial model led to the identification of a set of potential vectors for improvement, in particular the need to integrate trade-offs. Based on Resilience Engineering trade-off theory this paper discusses how to integrate trade-offs into the system descrip...

Qualitative probabilistic networks have been designed for probabilistic reasoning in a qualitative way. Due to their coarse level of representation detail, qualitative probabilistic networks do not provide for resolving trade-offs and typically yield ambiguous results upon inference. We present an algorithm for computing more insightful results for unresolved trade-offs. The algorithm builds up...

Addressing environmental management problems at catchment scales requires an integrated modelling approach, in which key bio-physical and socio-economic drivers, processes and impacts are all considered. Development of Decision Support Systems (DSSs) for environmental management is rapidly progressing. This paper describes the integration of physical, ecological, and socio-economic components i...

Trade-offs are manifestations of the complex dynamics in interdependent social-ecological systems. Addressing tradeoffs involves challenges of perception due to the dynamics of interdependence. We outline the challenges associated with addressing trade-offs and analyze knowledge coproduction as a practice that may contribute to tackling trade-offs in social-ecological systems. We discuss this t...

PURPOSE To investigate the influence of the facial pattern in orofacial functions (OFFs) and quality of life (QoL), and their relationship in individuals with dentofacial deformities (DFD). METHODS As approved by the Research Ethics Committee, 36 subjects, aged between 18 and 40 years, divided into three groups of seven female and five male participants, i.e., facial pattern I (n=12), pattern...

We present size-space trade-offs for the polynomial calculus (PC) and polynomial calculus resolution (PCR) proof systems. These are the first true size-space trade-offs in any algebraic proof system, showing that size and space cannot be simultaneously optimized in these models. We achieve this by extending essentially all known size-space trade-offs for resolution to PC and PCR. As such, our r...

BACKGROUND Conventional cut-offs for hypertension are arbitrary, and vascular complications can occur below these values, particularly in diabetes. AIM To evaluate systolic blood pressure (SBP) distribution in diabetes and control populations, comparing hypertension prevalence using either conventional cut-offs (140 and 160 mmHg) or age-adjusted centile (75(th) and 90(th)) cut-offs derived fr...

A long-standing hypothesis asserts that plant-feeding insects specialize on particular host plants because of negative interactions (trade-offs) between adaptations to alternative hosts, yet empirical evidence for such trade-offs is scarce. Most studies have looked for microevolutionary performance trade-offs within insect species, but host use could also be constrained by macroevolutionary tra...

Studies of trilled vocalizations provide a premiere illustration of how performance constraints shape the evolution of mating displays. In trill production, vocal tract mechanics impose a trade-off between syllable repetition rate and frequency bandwidth, with the trade-off most pronounced at higher values of both parameters. Available evidence suggests that trills that simultaneously maximize ...