Chemical cues induce metamorphosis for the larvae of many benthic marine invertebrate species. These cues help to place organisms into habitats that will allow for rapid growth and increased reproductive success. This study was designed to examine the correspondence between induction of metamorphosis and post-metamorphic success in the deposit feeding polychaete Capitella sp. I. Larvae were off...

This letter demonstrates a white organic light-emitting diode sOLEDd with high color stability fabricated by using a single organic white-emitting layer. The dopants were introduced prior to the device fabrication process through organic solid solution process formed by high-temperature and high-pressure fusion process. A high band gap organic material, a-naphthlyphenylbiphenyl diamine, was ado...

We review basic concepts as well as recent examples and applications of organic-organic heterostructures. We organize the different types of heterostructures according to material A deposited on material B (A/B), A co-deposited with B (A:B), heterostructures in the monolayer regime including nanostructuring concepts and systems involving self-assembled monolayers, as well as various other archi...

Anaerobic digestion is a process in which microorganisms degrade organic material, such as dairy manure, in the absence of oxygen to produce biogas and digestate. Biogas is composed mostly of methane, which is the main constituent of natural gas (Table 1). Digestate is the degraded organic material that exits the digester after the digestion process. Digestate contains nutrients that can be use...

The cloud condensation nuclei (CCN) properties of ammonium sulfate particles mixed with organic material condensed during the hydroxyl-radical-initiated photooxidation of isoprene (C5H8) were investigated in the continuous-flow Harvard Environmental Chamber. CCN activation curves were measured for organic particle mass concentrations of 0.5 to 10.0 μg m−3, NOx concentrations from under 0.4 ppbv...

The West Antarctic Peninsula (WAP) shelf experiences a highly seasonal flux of particulate organic carbon following the retreat of winter sea ice, which results in deposition of labile food material for benthic detritivores. We conducted a seasonal time-series study (November 1999 through March 2001) on the WAP shelf to determine the timing and magnitude of bloom deposition on the sea floor, an...

Vermiculture is the culture of earthworms. The goal is to continually increase the number of worms in order to obtain a sustainable harvest. The worms are either used to expand a vermicomposting operation or sold to customers who use them for the same or other purposes. Vermicomposting is the process by which worms are used to convert organic materials (usually wastes) into a humus-like materia...

The fermentation process in which organic material is degraded and biogas (composed of mainly methane and carbon dioxide) is produced, is referred to as anaerobic digestion. Anaerobic digestion processes occur in many places where organic material is available and redox potential is low (zero oxygen). This is typically the case in stomachs of ruminants, in marshes, sediments of lakes and ditche...