civil liability in electronic communications is one the most important issues of information and communications technology (ict) law. civil liability may be arisen from different causes such as copyright and trade mark infringement invasion of privacy and defamation. when discussing civil liability, two different civil liability systems may be considered: direct and indirect civil liability. in...

A number of the information and communications technology (ICT) companies have lately faced serious financial problems and loss of customers. Layoffs and even bankcrupts are now typical for ICT industry. Media hype and initial public offering (IPOs) stories made this industry lucrative. Now, after the burst of hype bubble reorientation is needed. Learning to share visions, create effective ebus...

introduction: management development assessment helps managers to systematically assess the current management capabilities of their organization and take critical steps to strengthen the management skills and sustainability of their organizations. this study aimed to identify and compare the health system management development assessment models in selected international organizations and coun...

The advancement of information and communication technologies (ICT) has triggered many ICT-enabled services. Regarding this service, the complementary ICT system involves with customers’ devices, industry-wide ICT development and nation-wide ICT infrastructure, which are difficult for any individual organization to control. The ICT predicament is the phenomenon that the complementary ICT system...

in the modern world, organizations are considered as intelligent systems. increased organizational intelligence (oi) helps organizations to effectively analyze their data, store results, and use outcomes for making professional decisions. the purpose of this study was to measure oi in agriculture- jihad organization in guilan. a sample of 201 out of personnel was selected from in agriculture- j...

organization citizenship behavior is a useful valuable behavior manifested by individuals voluntarily. thus, in the challenging world we live in, organizations seek competitive advantages by employing individuals who act beyond their tasks. in facts the main purpose of present research is explanation and evaluation organizational citizenship behavior culture components among women. statistical ...

The current direction of sustainable development industries and regions is clustering, which consists the creation innovative industrial clusters. main trends in textile clusters foreign countries have been identified. A typology has developed characteristics various types given according to level cluster relations: potential, emerging, acting. criteria for relations substantiated: coefficient ...

ICT outsourcing is one of the successful strategies implemented to reduce organization’s ICT operational cost and to give more priority to their core business rather to ICT operational activities. However, it causes significant risks to the success of the outsourcing ventures especially Information Security Risk (ISR). Therefore, analysis of ISR factors level for ICT Outsourcing project is requ...

the purpose of this article is to investigate the relationships among employees' trust in organization, reciprocity norm in organization and employees' organizational identification. furthermore, authors seek to analyze the moderating effect of organizational commitment components on these relationships. this research was performed using correlation-descriptive method. the statistical populatio...