Guessing random additive noise decoding (GRAND) is a noise-centric method, which suitable for low-latency communications, as it supports error correction codes that generate short codewords. GRAND estimates transmitted codewords by guessing the patterns altered them during transmission. The process requires testing of are arranged in increasing order Hamming weight. This approach fitting binary...

Intensity modulation with direct modulation (IM/DD) favors low duty cycle modulation schemes such as pulse position modulation (PPM) and multiple PPM(MPPM).In this paper,the channel model over IM/DD is introduced. Then, a brief summary is given about some of the modulation techniques used in this area. Finally, some of the pulse position based coded modulation techniques are rewiewed.

This paper presents the technique to dynamically enhance the power efficiency of PWM class-D amplifier over a wide range of modulation indexes. The power stage of amplifier is segmented into several small stages and selectively enabled according to the power demand (i.e. modulation indexes). The capability of power delivery is dynamically adjusted to minimize the power loss in case of different...

the physiologic function of the immune system is defense against infectious microbes and internal tumour cells, therefore, need to have precise modulatory mechanisms to maintain the body homeostasis. the mammalian cellular cd200 (ox2)/cd200r interaction is one of such modulatory mechanisms in which myeloid and lymphoid cells are regulated. cd200 and cd200r molecules are membrane proteins that t...

The diversity order is crucial for the performance of communication systems over Fading Channels. It has been shown by Zehavi that the diversity and hence performance of coded modulation over fading channels can be improved by bitwise interleaving at the encoder output, and by using an appropriate soft decision metric as an input t o the Viterbi decoder. A related approach is coordinate interle...

Elementary information about convolutional codes over finite fields is introduced, and various motivations for extension to convolutional codes over finite rings are discussed. The recent primary motivation is found to be for use over phase modulation signals. Such ring codes enjoy the special property of phase weight equal to phase distance equal to the squared Euclidean distance between phase...