Various molecular biology techniques have become available in the last few years. One of the most revolutionary of these techniques regarding nucleic acid analysis is the polymerase chain reaction (PCR), which was first described in 1985. This method relies on the exponential amplification of specific DNA fragments, resulting in millions of copies that can serve as templates for different kinds...

Human enterovirus 71 (EV71) is the major causative agent of hand, foot, and mouth disease (HFMD) worldwide and has been associated with neurological complications which resulted in fatalities during recent outbreak in Asia pacific region. A direct reverse transcription loop-mediated isothermal amplification (direct RT-LAMP) assay using heat-treated samples without RNA extraction was developed a...

Background: Ectopic pregnancy (EP) is a complication of conception in which the embryo implants outside of uterine cavity. The increasing incidence of serious maternal morbidity resulting from EP has prompted the search for biomarkers to aid in early diagnosis and take advantage of conservative treatments. One of the effective biomarkers in EP is vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF). VEGF ...

Dengue is the most important arboviral disease transmitted to humans. In our laboratory, we have been working on the standardization of the polymerase chain reaction (PCR) diagnosis of this disease. In this work, we compared five commercial kits regularly used on reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) protocols: two Two-Step kits (SuperScript II RT/Super Mix kit and reverse tr...

Rapid and definitive diagnosis is critical to the prevention of the spread of endemic human pathogenic viruses. Detection of variant specific genes by reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) has become a routine diagnostic test for accurate subtyping of RNA viruses, such as influenza. In this paper, we demonstrate the use of a continuous-flow polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) microfl...

Abstract Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 causing disease 2019 pandemic is an enveloped virus, showing genome similarity with bat coronavirus. This virus initially infects the upper tract, subsequent spread to lower tract. Despite availability of antigen and antibody detection methods, reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) diagnostic test choice for this novel ...

background noroviruses are one of the major viral pathogens responsible for gastroenteritis. outbreaks of diarrhea due to norovirus have been reported frequently. this study is performed to determine the prevalence of norovirus in fecal specimens of children with gastroenteritis. many viruses can cause gastroenteritis, including rotaviruses; adenoviruses types 40 and 41; sapoviruses; and norovi...