Supply chain includes two or more parties linked by flow of goods, information, and funds. In a decentralized system, supply chain members make decision regardless of their decision's effects on the performance of the other members and the entire supply chain. This is the key issue in supply chain management, that the mechanism should be developed in which different objectives should be align...

Managing income is a considerable dimension in supply chain management in current economic atmosphere. Real world situation makes it inevitable not to design or redesign supply chain. Redesign will take place as costs increase or new services for customers’ new demands should be provided. Pricing is an important fragment of Supply chain due to two reasons: first, represents revenue based ...

Spurred by intensifying competition in global markets, most companies have been increasingly implementing supply chain management (SCM) and information systems (IS) practices. As well, globalization policies have created a more intensive competition amongst manufacturers; in additional the priority of supply over demand, market competition and importance of some factor such as quality, accounta...

Coordination is very important in supply chain management and it is one of the main factors in supply chain profitability. Bullwhip effect is one of the basic obstacles to achieve coordination in supply chains and reduction of this phenomenon has an important role in supply chain harmony. The other side, costs of supply chain can be mitigated and customer service level can be increased by reduc...

background aseptic meningitis is the most common type of meningitis and is characterized by meningeal inflammation that is not linked to identifiable bacterial pathogens in cerebrospinal fluid (csf). objectives this study aimed to evaluate the frequency of aseptic meningitis caused by herpesviruses, namely herpes simplex types i and ii (hsv-1, hsv-2), epstein-barr virus (ebv), cytomegalovirus (...

conclusions in the present study, the highest prevalence was for st5, which is so important for epidemiology and risk of human infection. the report related to st3 in cattle as a subtype of human showed mutual infection between human and cattle. another important point in this study was the st6 report. finally, it seems that gathering epidemiological data is needed for a better understanding of...

background toxoplasma gondii is an obligate, intracellular parasite, which is widely spread in the world. the parasite is able to infect all warm-blooded hosts including human.the infection occures via consumption of food or water containing oocytes, eatingundercooked meats containing tissue cysts, and placenta. undercooked meat consumption is one of the most important ways of toxoplasma transm...