Transposition is a new genetic operator alternative to crossover and allows a classical GA to achieve better results. This mechanism characterized by the presence of mobile genetic units must be used with the right parameters to enable maximum performance to the GA. This paper presents the results of an empirical study which offers the main guidelines to choose the proper setting of parameters ...

Sport plays a major role in the lives of many people, both for active participation and as entertainment. Sport is now a huge nationally and internationally based industry. The desire to win has led some athletes to resort to the use of performance enhancing drugs. With huge financial rewards now available in some sports the pressure to excel has grown. Some have argued that drug use should be ...

Transmission Control Protocol (TCP) is widely used for the transport layer protocol in most Internet and Intranet applications. The link characteristics of a specific link environment such as satellite has been limited and degraded by its link characteristics. To address such limitations Performance Enhancing Proxies (PEPs) have been designed and introduced to improve the operation of internet ...

adjutants' ability in enhancing the performance of herbicides is a major priority in adjuvant research. to identify an appropriate adjuvant for pinoxaden and clodinafop propargyl herbicides against littleseed canarygrass (phalaris minor retz.), common wild oat (avena fatua l.) and ryegrass (lolium temulentum l.), three separate experiments were conducted under greenhouse conditions. in all...

The direct assessment of explicit attitudes toward performance enhancing substances, for example Neuroenhancement or doping in sports, can be affected by social desirability biases and cheating attempts. According to Dual Process Theories of cognition, indirect measures like the Implicit Association Test (IAT) measure automatic associations toward a topic (as opposed to explicit attitudes measu...

BACKGROUND Doping is a highly relevant problem in sport, even in adolescent athletes. Knowledge of the psychological factors that influence doping susceptibility in young elite athletes remains sparse. OBJECTIVES This study investigated the predictive potential of different health-psychological constructs and well-being on doping susceptibility. The main hypotheses to be tested were positive ...

We applied the strength-energy model of self-control to understand the relationship between self-control and young athletes' behavioral responses to taking illegal performance-enhancing substances, or "doping." Measures of trait self-control, attitude and intention toward doping, intention toward, and adherence to, doping-avoidant behaviors, and the prevention of unintended doping behaviors wer...