The science of oral microbiology is in a period of change from the era of bacterial cultivation to an era of molecular genetic methods and techniques. Already a significant body of new knowledge exists with regard to the oral flora in health and disease. Inevitably, this new knowledge has led to a better understanding of many oral diseases. In endodontics, the prevailing concepts are still to a...

Periapical cyst is a chronic inflammatory disorder of periradicular tissues. The precise pathological mechanisms involved in periapical cyst enlargement remain unclear. Notch signaling is an evolutionarily conserved pathway with a regulatory role in cell fate decisions during development and in carcinogenesis. To date, there are no published data available on the expression of Notch signaling c...

Hypophosphatemic rickets (HR) is a rare hereditary disease in which dental problems in terms of spontaneous periapical infections are frequently reported. Most previous reports have been based on a small number of HR patients and have been published before the disease could be confirmed genetically. The aim of the present study was to describe the periapical and endodontic status of permanent t...

Toll-like receptors (TLR) are essential for the innate immune response against invading pathogens and have been described in immunocompetent cells of areas affected by periapical disease. Besides initiating the inflammatory response, they also directly regulate epithelial cell proliferation and survival in a variety of settings. This study evaluates the in situ expression of TLR4 in periapical ...

INTRODUCTION Intermittent administration of parathyroid hormone (PTH) promotes oral osseous wound healing and protects against ligature-induced alveolar bone loss. However, its therapeutic value on periapical periodontitis is unknown. The goal of this study was to determine the effect of intermittent PTH administration on the progression of periapical periodontitis. METHODS Seven lymphotoxin ...

INTRODUCTION The aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between smoking and the prevalence of apical periodontitis and root canal treatment in hypertensive patients. METHODS In a cross-sectional study, the records of 100 hypertensive patients, 50 smokers and 50 nonsmokers, were examined. Periapical status of all teeth was assessed by using the periapical index score. RESULTS ...

OBJECTIVE This article aims to determine the incidence of periapical granuloma from extracted teeth and correlate the clinical diagnoses with the histopathological types of periapical granuloma. PATIENTS AND METHODS Over a period of eight months, a prospective study designed as a routine biopsy of recoverable periapical tissues obtained from patients who had single tooth extraction was carrie...

The cementodentinal tear is rarely detected by noninvasive procedures owing to its clinical picture simulating a root fracture or a periodontal or endodontic lesion. We present a case of complex cementodentinal tears in a 79-year-old woman who presented a repeated swelling at the labial mucosa of the left maxillary central incisor for 6 months. Periapical radiographs demonstrated a vertical rad...

INTRODUCTION Cholesterol clefts are common histologic findings in periapical biopsies; they have a reported incidence in periapical periodontitis of up to 44%. Cholesterol crystals are also recognized in advanced atherosclerotic plaques in humans. Male sex, genetic abnormalities, and age have been associated with advanced atherosclerotic lesions. Among these nonmodifiable risk factors, age is t...

Toll-like receptors (TLR) are essential for the innate immune response against invading pathogens and have been described in immunocompetent cells of areas affected by periapical disease. Besides initiating the inflammatory response, they also directly regulate epithelial cell proliferation and survival in a variety of settings. This study evaluates the in situ expression of TLR4 in periapical ...