Periapical disease caused by the colonization of microrganisms in the root canal system. Microbiology implicated in endodontic disease is diverse and varied. Mircobial testing of periapical lesions can be traced back to 1890. The changes in balance of the microbiota along with other factors host resistance and viral infection can also affect the periapical disease. The various microbiology invo...

introduction: bacterial infection of tooth pulp can progress into periapical diseases. root canal treatment has been established as the best treatment. in cases of failure, nonsurgical retreatment of teeth is preferred to surgical procedure and extraction. materials & methods: in this historical cohort study, 104 permanent teeth with apical lesion were treated during 2002-2008. all teeth showed...

central giant cell granulomas (cgcgs) may manifest as radiolucencies anywhere in the mandible or maxilla. in rare cases, it can appear as a localized periradicular area and mimic an endodontic lesion. this case report presents an uncommon location of cgcg which was not accurately diagnosed nor timely treated. periodic follow ups of periapical radiolucencies after rct are necessary. dentists sho...

The pathogenesis of periapical lesions has not been fully elucidated. Currently, the possibility of its being an immunologic phenomenon is receiving much attention. This article presents a review of the literature concerning immunologic reactions which may involve periapical lesions. It appears that antigen-antibody complexes and IgE-mediated reactions can initiate preliminary changes in periap...

BACKGROUND The prevalence of apical periodontitis in diabetes mellitus patients is high. The altered immunity in diabetes affects the healing process of periapical tissue. Single visit endodontic treatment has shown to increase the periapical healing rate with better patient compliance. Hence the present study aims at evaluating the clinical and radiographic healing outcome of single visit endo...

The presence or absence of periapical radiolucencies, after a predetermined healing period, have been used as a criteria for therapeutic success or failure in endodontic treatment. However, in radiologic diagnosis it has been shown that variations within and between examiners are substantial. In the present study six endodontists evaluated the periapical tissues in radiographs of 119 endodontic...

In recent years, periapical surgery has evolved thanks to new diagnostic and technical advances. A review is made of the literature on periapical surgery of the antral teeth, based on a Medline search and on the revision of Spanish dental journals in the period between 1974 and 2003. The anatomy of the maxillary sinus is discussed, along with the diagnosis of periapical lesions and the relation...

Radicular lingual grooves are morphological defects, which are found most frequently in maxillary anterior teeth and are a predisposing factor for periodontal disease. They are easily overlooked as aetiologic factors, as these grooves are covered by periodontal tissues. This case report presents a successful management of a case of a maxillary lateral incisor with an associated radicular lingua...

Radicular lingual grooves are morphological defects, which are found most frequently in maxillary anterior teeth and are a predisposing factor for periodontal disease. They are easily overlooked as aetiologic factors, as these grooves are covered by periodontal tissues. This case report presents a successful management of a case of a maxillary lateral incisor with an associated radicular lingua...