in the name of God, most gracious, most merciful Physiology and Pharmacology Indexing: Index Copernicus (IC), Scientific Information Database (SID) Physiology and Pharmacology is the official publication of the Iranian Society of Physiology and Pharmacology. The journal publishes full-length original articles in physiology, pharmacology and related subjects. Editorial office: ...

The liver executes a multitude of functions in human physiology such as detoxification or hormone synthesis. Consequently, hepatic dysfunction, be it inborn or acquired, can lead to diverse pathological manifestations as for instance argininemia or hypercholesterolemia. To analyze liver function at the cellular scale and to investigate underlying genotype–phenotype relationships, a growing numb...

Systems physiology is an integrated discipline. It combines experimental, computational, and theoretical studies to advance our understanding of the physiology of human and other living creatures. In other words, systems physiology is systems biology with a physiology (i.e., functionally)centered view. Understanding the principle behind the system is one of the fundamental challenges in systems...

Background: Longevity of basic medical sciences is a major concern of medical educators and physicians. It has been shown that different learning styles can affect the half-life of the material. This study aimed to evaluate the effect of partially tests during renal physiology course on "the student’s retention of renal physiology knowledge" and "knowledge loss" in pharmacy and medical students...

Readers of the current issue will find something unfamiliar , perhaps tantalizing, perhaps unsettling. I am referring to the articles by Cha et al. (see " Ionic mechanisms and Ca 2+ dynamics... " and " Time-dependent changes in membrane excitability... "). The first of these articles is less exotic; it presents computer simulations of a model for bursting electrical activity in pancreatic  cel...