Abstract Positron Emission Tomography (PET) studies [1] of the evolution Simian Immunodeficiency Virus (SIV) (the monkey analogue Human (HIV) have revealed that SIV is localised in different organs at stages infection. Promising routes to completely eradicate HIV virus particles involve therapies target infection cellular level. Our previous μ -Particle Induced X-ray ( μ- PIXE) very large varia...

The direct detection of biologically relevant metals in single cells and of their speciation is a challenging task that requires sophisticated analytical developments. The aim of this article is to present the recent achievements in the field of cellular chemical element imaging, and direct speciation analysis, using proton and synchrotron radiation X-ray micro- and nano-analysis. The recent im...

Bisphosphonates (BPs) have been widely, efficiently, and safely used for the treatment of various bone-related diseases such as osteoporosis. However, concerns about jaw osteonecrosis associated with oral treatment (medication-related osteonecrosis of the jaw [MRONJ]) have been increasing. Although many risk factors for MRONJ have been elucidated, its precise etiology and methods of prevention ...

A toroidally-continuous row of bulk tungsten (W) tiles was installed near the typical location of the outer strike–point in the Alcator C-Mod divertor and was removed for analysis after two campaigns (3151 plasma discharges). External beam (in–air) particle induced X-ray emission (PIXE) analysis has been used to observe campaign–integrated Wmigration patterns in the otherwise Mo divertor using ...

Two selected examples of PIXE microanalysis in ecophysiology have been shown. Studies of heavy metal distribution in mycorrhizal and nonmycorrhizal roots of Plantago lanceolata showed different mechanisms in filtering of Zn/Pb and Fe/Mn, both enabling plants to cope with metals present in the environment. Studies of the mechanism used by the beetle Chrysolina pardalina to eliminate excessive am...

Background: The method of proton induced X-ray emission (PIXE) has been widely used as a sensitive technique to trace elemental analysis in both biological and medical fields. The sensitivity of this powerful method is in the order of ppm .The aim of this work is to analyze structural composition of 4 heavy trace elements with Z greater than 24 (Mn, Fe, Cu, Zn) in two kinds of gallstones and to...

Intracellular iron can be estimated semi-quantitatively by histochemical determination using the ferrocyanide reagent's score. Particle-induced X-ray emission (PIXE) allows accurate determination of various elements including iron in cells and biological fluids. Both techniques have been used to measure iron in alveolar macrophages gathered by bronchoalveolar lavage. The purpose of this study w...