the effect of grafting on yield and some other quantitative and qualitative characteristics of two green¬house cucumber cultivars, namely roberto and danito grafted on five rootstocks of shintoza, kiroshintoza (cucurbita maxima × c. moschata), cucurbita maxima (c. maxima cv. goriki), fig leaf gourd (c. ficifolia cv. korodome), and bottle gourd (lagenaria siceraria) was investigated in this stud...

Plant cells have two defense systems that detect bacterial pathogens. One is a basal defense system that recognizes complex pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs). A second system uses disease-resistance (R) proteins to recognize type lll effector proteins that are delivered into the plant cell by the pathogen's type III secretion system. Here we show that these two pathways are linked....

Recurrent fuzzy neural networks (FNNs) have been widely applied to dynamic system processing problems. However, most recurrent FNNs focus on the use of type-1 fuzzy sets. This paper proposes a Mamdani-type recurrent interval type-2 FNN (M-RIT2FNN) that uses interval type-2 fuzzy sets in both rule antecedent and consequent parts. The reason for using interval type-2 fuzzy sets is to increase net...

In this study a pseudo comprehensive carbon footprint model for fossil fuel power plants is presented. Parameters which their effects are considered in this study include: plant type, fuel type, fuel transmission type, internal consumption of the plant, degradation, site ambient condition, transmission and distribution losses. Investigating internal consumption, degradation and site ambient con...

to investigate the impact of overexpression of atnrt2.1 transgene from arabidopsis on nitrate uptake rate and to understand the regulation of endogenous hats by nitrate and glutamine amino acid (gln) in tobacco plants, wild-type and transgenic (f line) plants grown on soil for 4 weeks were transferred to hydroponic culture in a controlled-environment with a 16/8h l:d photoperiod at 24? c/20...

some crops have been observed to posses effects of allelopathic type. it would be interesting and useful as well to study these plants' allelopathic effects on other crop plants, particularly in rotation and intercropping. so, in this study, the allelopathic potential of cucumber organs' extract on seedling growth of cucumber, eggplant, pepper, and tomato was evaluated using a randomi...

Soil microbes play key roles in ecosystems, yet the impact of their diversity on plant communities is still poorly understood. Here we demonstrate that the diversity of belowground plant-associated soil fungi promotes plant productivity and plant coexistence. Using additive partitioning of biodiversity effects developed in plant biodiversity studies, we demonstrate that this positive relationsh...

The analysis of the molecular response of entire plants or organs to environmental stresses suffers from the cellular complexity of the samples used. Specifically, this cellular complexity masks cell-specific responses to environmental stresses and logically leads to the dilution of the molecular changes occurring in each cell type composing the tissue/organ/plant in response to the stress. The...