Contents 1. Introduction 2. The unique character of forestry planting stock 2.1 Nursery-cultured planting stock 2.2 Wildings 3. The role of forest nurseries in forest management 4. Does the nursery affect the planting stock? 5. Types of nurseries 5.1 Bareroot nurseries 5.2 Container nurseries 5.3 A combination of container and bareroot nursery culture 6. Establishing a new nursery 6.1 Economic ...

W hat constitutes “long-term” research may be as apparent as collectable art; although many are quick to identify the plots in Rothamsted-UK, started in 1843, as the gold standard of long-term research. When researchers conduct experiments in reference to a hypothesis that determines treatment application, the test duration usually lapses after a few “climatically representative” years. Mr. O. ...

Tillage has long been an essential component of traditional agricultural systems. Broadly defined, tillage is the mechanical manipulation of the soil and plant residues to prepare a seedbed for crop planting. The benefits of tillage are many: it loosens soil, enhances the release of nutrients from the soil for crop growth, kills weeds, and regulates the circulation of water and air within the s...

Projected increasing demands for timber coupled with reduced harvests on public lands have led to concern among some forest policymakers regarding the adequacy of future U.S. timber supplies. One question concerns the likelihood that prevailing market incentives will induce industrial and nonindustrial private landowners to intensify forest management. We develop empirical models of historical ...

ABSTRACT Water management is an essential concept for water intensive crop such as maize dealing with water shortage under drought conditions. Maize production is ranked after wheat and barely in Fars province, Iran. Therefore, the present study was conducted to investigate the effects of planting methods by conventional and modified planters on maize growth and yield at different irrigation re...

Organic agriculture is mainly based on the study of mutual influences living organisms and their environment in order to exploit benefits that these can bring. Nature manifests itself its primitive state as a plant community. Crop association means simultaneous planting several species same plot or specific sector, thus imitating natural diversity. Therefore, different will be subject irrigatio...