IEEE 802.15.4a networks can provide the geographic routing solution with high location accuracy for the indoor environments. However, in the non-line-of-sight (NLOS) environments, the IEEE 802.15.4a networks may have a large scale location error and an unstable communication link. In this article, we propose a location estimation and dynamic link detection scheme for the geographic routing in t...

there are many routing protocol used in MANET. In which LAR protocol used to find location of mobile node. The Location-Aided Routing (LAR) protocol is an on-demand scheme. It utilizes location information to limit the route query flooding area. The prerequisite is that every host knows its own location and the global time, which can be provided by a Global Positioning System (GPS). Two scheme ...

We propose algorithms for a special type of geometric facility location problem in which customers may choose not to use the facility. We minimize the maximum cost incurred by a customer, where the cost itself is a minimum between two costs, according to whether the facility is used or not. We therefore call this type of location problem a min-max-min geometric facility location problem. As a f...

Sink location is considered as a basic service in geographic routing in wireless sensor networks. Obtaining the location of sink node by source node using an efficient method with low complexity has always been a challenging issue in research. In this paper, a sink location algorithm based on Fano plane is proposed. The research challenge is how to ensure the intersection of two SLQ (Location Q...

In mobile ad hoc networks, nodes are dynamically changing their locations. The QoS information used for routing by traditional QoS routing protocols becomes obsolete due to node mobility. To overcome this problem, a predictive QoS routing scheme is needed. In this paper, we present a location-delay prediction scheme, based on a location-resource update protocol, which assists a QoS routing prot...

Generally, transportation costs account for approximately half of the total operation expenses a logistics firm. Therefore, any effort to optimize planning vehicle routing would be substantially beneficial company. This study focuses on postman delivery problem Chiang Rai post office, located in province Thailand. In this study, two metaheuristic methods—particle swarm optimization (PSO) and di...

Compared with topology -based routing, location-based routing scales much better in large-scale mobile ad hoc networks. Location-based routing protocols assume that a location service is available to provide location information of each node in the network. Many location service protocols have been proposed in the literature. However, either they do not scale well in large-scale network environ...

The focus of this paper is routing in a wide area mobile ad hoc network referred to as a Terminode Network. Our routing scheme is a combination of two protocols: Terminode Local Routing (TLR) and Terminode Remote Routing (TRR). TRR is used for remote destinations. It utilizes the location of a destination obtained by the source using location management or location tracking. TLR acts when the p...