A growing population of metal absorbers are observed at z>5, many showing strong evolution in incidence approaching the epoch hydrogen reionization. Follow-up surveys examining fields around these metals have resulted galaxy detections but direct physical relationship between detected galaxies and is unclear. Upcoming observations will illuminate this galaxy-absorber relationship, theoretical f...

Glycoconjugates are ubiquitously present and play a critical role in various biological processes. Due to their low stability and incredibly high degree of structural diversity, the structural characterization of glycan generally requires chemical derivatization and sophisticated instrumentation. Herein, we report a method for complicated glycan characterization in a single assay by employing 2...

Excimer laser plays an important role in economic production because of its short wavelength, high refrequency and large energy. In the output characteristics excimer lasers, beam quality energy stability are characters high-end light sources, whether pre-ionization process is developed sufficiently or not key to system pulses with stable This paper mainly aims at ArF laser, establishes one- di...

The Tonga volcano eruption of 15 January 2022 unleashed a variety atmospheric perturbations, coinciding with the recovery-phase geomagnetic storm. ensuing thermospheric variations created rare display extreme poleward-expanding conjugate plasma bubbles seen in rate total electron content index over 100–150°E, reaching ∼40°N geographic latitude. This is associated fluctuations FORMOSAT-7/COSMIC-...

A time-of-flight mass spectrometer (TOF-MS) developed in our laboratory at Isfahan University of Technology is described here. The TOF-MS instrument uses laser as the ionization source which provides an opportunity to investigate the ions formed in laser ablation or desorption. The TOF-MS has an ionization chamber containing an accelerator and an ion lens to focus the ions into a one meter line...

The in situ and direct extraction, desorption and ionization of in-gel intact proteins after electrophoresis has been achieved by carbon nanotubes (CNTs)-modified paper spray mass spectrometry at ambient conditions. Characteristics of CNTs (including larger surface area, smaller pore diameter and enhanced conductivity) were endowed to the porous filter paper substrate by uniformly dispersing th...

We have developed a self-consistent physical model for super stellar cluster winds based on combining a 1-D steady-state adiabatic wind solution and a non-equilibrium ionization calculation. Comparing with the case of collisional ionization equilibrium, we find that the non-equilibrium ionization effect is significant in the regime of a high ratio of energy to mass input rate and manifests in a...

The breakdown of an overvoltage protection structure is analyzed in the temperature range from 298 to 523 K. The avalanche generation rates are modeled as a function of the carrier and lattice temperature. The generation rates are proportional to the carrier concentration. Careful attention is given to the pre-breakdown regime and to the breakdown process. The importance of various generation p...