Spontaneous gallbladder perforation among the pediatric population is a rare occurrence. To date only 8 cases have been described in the English literature in neonates and infants [1-8]. Presenting signs and symptoms vary, as do treatment methodologies. Patients have presented with bilious drainage from peritoneal catheters [1] abdominal distention with discoloration [2] discolored communicatin...

E. Kitamura Y. Miki M. Kawai H. Itoh S. Yura N. Mori K. Sugimura K. Togashi BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: The anterior pituitary of a term neonate is usually hyperintense on T1-weighted MR images, which may represent histologic changes of the gland due to the effect of high estrogen levels during the fetal period; however, MR findings of a preterm neonate have not been fully evaluated. The purpose of...

Hemorrhagic pustules with a "blueberry muffin" appearance accompanied by respiratory failure in a neonate present a challenging differential diagnosis that includes infections and neoplasms. We present a case of multiorgan, multisite Langerhans cell histiocytosis (LCH), positive for the oncogenic BRAF V600E mutation, in a preterm neonate. Infants with LCH pose a diagnostic challenge due to thei...

We report a case of a preterm neonate born at 26 weeks' of gestation diagnosed with unilateral diaphragmatic paralysis. This paralysis was a consequence of a phrenic nerve injury due to extravasation of hyperosmolar parenteral nutrition fluid in the upper thorax. Chest X-rays and ultrasonography confirmed the diagnosis. The neonate was treated with prolonged respiratory support and did not requ...

A former 27 week gestation, 1090 gram birth weight Hispanic female infant was born by caesarean section because of transverse lie and preterm labor. The mother had received no prenatal care. The infant was treated at the time of delivery with Survanta™ for hyaline membrane disease. Umbilical artery and vein catheters were placed at birth and discontinued on day of life (DOL) five and seven, res...

A female infant was born at 27 weeks of gestation by spontaneous vaginal delivery at home in the toilet. She was retrieved, resuscitated, commenced on intravenous antibiotics and ionotropic support. She was transferred to our level 3 neonatal intensive care unit at 8 hours of age. She received 2 doses of Curosurf® for hyaline membrane disease. Inotropes were weaned and she was extubated to CPAP...

The first oral overdose of paracetamol in a neonate is reported. A 55 day old neonate, born 29 weeks premature, was accidentally given 136 mg/kg paracetamol. Treatment was with activated charcoal, supportive care, and N-acetylcysteine. There was no biochemical evidence of hepatotoxicity, and no long term sequelae. After modelling of the data, the following pharmacokinetic variables were calcula...

When faced with a preterm delivery of an extremely premature neonate between 22-24 weeks (EPRN), doctors are confronted by a three-fold uncertainty of age, viability and prognosis that influence their decision whether or not to resuscitate the neonate. Firstly, in the delivery room the preterm neonate’s age is seldom precisely known, and successful resuscitation depends on the neonate’s accurat...