objective: the objective of this study was to determine the relationship between religious orientation (intrinsic–external) and cognitive distortions. methods: general design of this study considered as a descriptive and correlational method. universal population in this research consist all students of the urmia azad university, which were studying during 2012 and 2013 (n = 250). all responden...

Among the distortions generated by inflation, those caused by its interaction with taxation are particularly important. Due to the non-indexation of the tax system, inflation exacerbates the inefficiencies generated by taxation. The aim of this paper is to evaluate the welfare effects of these distortions in New Zealand. By using a stylised model of the New Zealand tax system, the tax burden on...

X-ray diffraction peak profile analysis was used to identify changes in the lattice distortions during isothermal aging of Fe-10Ni-7Mn (wt. %) maraging steel. Integral peak breadths were analyzed using classical Williamson-Hall equation taking the elastic anisotropy into account. It was found that substantial lattice distortions rise during precipitation hardening which depend strongly on the s...

In the aftermath of sovereign default of August 1998, the hypothesis of virtual economy in Russia developed by Gaddy and Ickes has gained popularity. The hypothesis states that the country has not moved towards free-market economy but developed a system of implicit price subsidization similar to what had existed before. Non-viable sectors that the state supported with subsidies before survive b...

We use bank retail interest rates as price examples in a study of the determinants of price durations. The extraordinary richness of the data allows us to address some major open issues from the price rigidity literature, such as the functional form of the hazard of changing a price, the effect of firm and market characteristics on the duration of prices, and asymmetry in the speed of adjustmen...

This paper incorporates excess volatility in stock prices into a standard general equilibrium model and finds large welfare gains from stabilizing policies. Stock prices in this model aggregate information about fundamentals which is dispersed in the economy but also reflect excess volatility stemming from correlated distortions in beliefs. To solve the model, this paper develops a novel soluti...

In this paper we study the effect of price floor regulations on the organization and performance of markets. The standard interpretation of the effects of these policies is concerned with short-run market distortions associated with excess supply. Since price controls prevent markets from clearing, they lead to higher prices. While this analysis may be correct in the short-run, it does not cons...