Generalized Modules for Membrane Antigens (GMMA) are outer membrane vesicles derived from Gram-negative bacteria that can be used to design affordable subunit vaccines. GMMA have been observed induce a potent humoral immune response in preclinical and clinical studies. In addition, studies, it has found exploited as optimal antigen carriers both protein saccharide antigens, they able promote th...

chlamydia trachomatis is one of the main causes of sexually transmitted diseases (stds) such as  prostatitis and epididymitis in men and cervicitis, endometriosis, vaginitis and ureogenital tract infections in women.  serological tests with sensitivities related to specific antigens are commonly used as  routine laboratory tests for diagnosis of chlamydia. in this research the chlamydia major o...

Abstract Fast, sensitive, high-throughput detection of coronavirus antigens at physiologically relevant levels is essential for population screening that could prevent epidemics such as the current COVID-19 global pandemic. Optical methods based on surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) spectroscopy are promising this purpose because they ensure quick even single biological molecules in a sam...

The IgG subclass distribution of rat antibodies to 13 different antigens was measured. Antibodies to protein and hapten-protein conjugates were predominantly IgG2a. Antigens labeled thymus-independent type 1, based upon responses in mice, stimulated both IgG2b and IgG2c antibodies, but little IgG2a. Polysaccharide and hapten-polysaccharide antigens (thymus-independent type 2) as well as phospho...

The role of T cell immunity has been acknowledged in recent vaccine development and evaluation. We tested the humoral cellular immune responses to Flucelvax®, a quadrivalent inactivated seasonal influenza containing two A (H1N1 Singapore/GP1908/2015 IVR-180 H3N2 North Carolina/04/2016) B (Iowa/06/2017 Singapore/INFTT-16-0610/2016) virus strains, using peripheral blood mononuclear cells stimulat...

Acquired tolerance to BSA in rabbits was terminated following the injection of certain preparations of altered BSA. Injections of Freund's adjuvant containing BSA complexed to anti-BSA, heat-denatured BSA, acetyl-BSA, picryl-BSA, or arsanil-BSA failed to terminate the tolerant state. Except in an occasional tolerant rabbit, injections of these preparations failed to cause the production of prec...