Random phase encoding is a unique technique for volume hologram which can be applied to various applications such as holographic multiplexing storage, image encryption, and optical sensing. In this review article, we first review and discuss diffraction selectivity of random phase encoding in volume holograms, which is the most important parameter related to multiplexing capacity of volume holo...

background: women’s empowerment programs during pregnancy focus primarily on increasing women’s health goals and psychological empowerment has been considered important in most issues related to pregnant mothers’ mental health. using path analysis, this study aims to examine the direct and indirect components of psychological empowerment of pregnant mothers. methods: this model-testing study wa...

This paper demonstrates the identification of causal mechanisms in experiments with a binary treatment, (primarily) based on inverse probability weighting. I.e., we consider the average indirect effect of the treatment, which operates through an intermediate variable (or mediator) that is situated on the causal path between the treatment and the outcome, as well as the (unmediated) direct effec...

DNA computing often makes use of hybridization, whether for vastly generating the initial candidate answers or amplification by using polymerase chain reaction (PCR). The main idea behind DNA computing approaches for solving weighted graph problems is that if the degree of hybridization can be controlled, then it is able to generate more double stranded DNAs (dsDNAs), which represent the answer...