UNLABELLED BACKGROUND Historically, acid pretreatment technology for the production of bio-ethanol from corn stover has required severe conditions to overcome biomass recalcitrance. However, the high usage of acid and steam at severe pretreatment conditions hinders the economic feasibility of the ethanol production from biomass. In addition, the amount of acetate and furfural produced during...

This paper presents an information retrieval method based on a two stages indexing. The objective of this work is to analyze the impact of refining indexing and search on a homogeneous sub-collection in the quality of the results. We evaluate the impact of this approach in terms of precision using okapi BM25 and TF-IDF models on TREC-7 and TREC-8 ad hoc collections. The results show that this m...

Various methods are available for refining scars of the external nose and optimal scar revision frequently requires the utilization of multiple techniques. Differing anatomy of nasal subunits and their underlying structural framework limit surgical options in nasal scar revision compared with other areas of the face. An understanding of a variety of laser technologies and their specific applica...

In the present study, the aflatoxin B1 contamination at various stages of oil refining and in refined oil were carried out. This was subsequently compared with commercial vegetable oil samples. Among the 23 different sunflower oil samples were tested, 10 of them showed positive results to AFB1 and the remaining 13 showed negative results to AFB1. All the refined oil samples were free from AFB1 ...

Introduction In the first paper in this series,1 the ten stages in a research project (listed below) were identified and the first three were addressed. They are the initial idea (asking a research question), searching the literature and refining the question. 1. The initial idea (asking a research question). 2. Searching the literature. 3. Refining the research question. 4. Planning the study....

Text mining, also known as knowledge discovery from text, and document information mining, refers to the process of extracting interesting patterns from very large text corpus for the purposes of discovering knowledge. Text mining is an interdisciplinary field involving information retrieval, text understanding, information extraction, clustering, categorization, visualization, database technol...

Ozone is widely used for sterilization, deodorization, and cleaning. However, the effects of ozone on human are not well understood, because there is currently no reliable assay method for ozone. Therefore the accurate measurement of ozone is important for its safe use. Here, we report optimized conditions for use with fluorescein derivative 1 (probe 1). Under optimum conditions, probe 1 reacte...