The main result establishes that if a controller C (comprising of a linear feedback of the output and its derivatives) globally stabilizes a (nonlinear) plant P , then global stabilization of P can also be achieved by an output feedback controller C[h] where the output derivatives in C are replaced by an Euler approximation with sufficiently small delay h > 0. This is proved within the conceptu...

Complementary DNA (cDNA) encoding a long form of prolactin receptor (PRL-RL) was cloned from mouse mammary gland by PCR using primers designed from the noncoding regions of previously reported rat ovarian PRL-RL cDNA. The nucleotide sequence encoding the extracellular and transmembrane domains of PRL-RL is completely identical to that of short forms of mouse PRL-R. The amino acid sequence deduc...

Reinforcement learning (RL) methods have become popular in recent years because of their ability to solve complex tasks with minimal feedback. Both genetic algorithms (GAs) and temporal difference (TD) methods have proven effective at solving difficult RL problems, but few rigorous comparisons have been conducted. Thus, no general guidelines describing the methods’ relative strengths and weakne...

BACKGROUND Mobile health (mHealth) services cannot easily adapt to users' unique needs. PURPOSE We used simulations of text messaging (SMS) for improving medication adherence to demonstrate benefits of interventions using reinforcement learning (RL). METHODS We used Monte Carlo simulations to estimate the relative impact of an intervention using RL to adapt SMS adherence support messages in...

In this paper a relative localization (RL) system for quadcopters based on ultra-wideband (UWB) ranging measurements is proposed. To achieve the relative localization, UWB modules are installed on the quadcopters to actively measure distances and exchange data package to a hovering quadcopter which is equipped with an identical UWB module. Since instantaneous distanceonly measurements cannot pr...

conclusions ia fluid resuscitation is superior to iv resuscitation in hemorrhagic shock induced cardiac arrest. results while iv rl infusion failed to restore chest motion in mice (n = 5), ia rl infusion restored chest motion in all mice examined (n = 6) (p = 0.0067). in three mice, iv rl infusion after cardiac arrest showed no effect on cc. after failure of venous infusion, ia rl infusion was ...

Deep reinforcement learning (deep RL) has achieved superior performance in complex sequential tasks by using a deep neural network as its function approximator and by learning directly from raw images. A drawback of using raw images is that deep RL must learn the state feature representation from the raw images in addition to learning a policy. As a result, deep RL can require a prohibitively l...

Policy improvement methods seek to optimize the parameters of a policy with respect to a utility function. There are two main approaches to performing this optimization: reinforcement learning (RL) and black-box optimization (BBO). In recent years, benchmark comparisons between RL and BBO have been made, and there have been several attempts to specify which approach works best for which types o...