In this paper, we take a GL-quantale as the truth value table to study a new rough set model—L-valued fuzzy rough sets. The three key components of this model are: an L-fuzzy set A as the universal set, an L-valued relation of A and an L-fuzzy set of A (a fuzzy subset of fuzzy sets). Then L-valued fuzzy rough sets are completely characterized via both constructive and axiomatic approaches. 

Two studies investigated how group variability affects reactions to atypical group members. In Study 1 (N = 65) we manipulated group variability and found that an atypical group member was evaluated more positively when the group was heterogeneous than when the group was homogeneous. In Study 2 (N = 276) we also manipulated group value and found a significant interaction whereby an atypical gro...

objective : iud is a highly effective, safe, private, long-acting, and rapidly reversible method of contraception with few side effects. the aim of this study was to assess the continuation rate and cause of iud discontinuation in isfahan, iran. materials and methods: this historical cohort study wascarried out on 12 randomly selected health centers of isfahan province in 2007. 244 literate mar...

We present the theoretical foundations of the many-valued generalization of a technique for simplifying large non-clausal formulas in propositional logic, that is called removal of anti-links. Possible applications include computation of prime implicates of large non-clausal formulas as required, for example, in diagnosis. With the anti-link technique, one does not compute any normal form of a ...

We present the theoretical foundations of the many-valued generalization of a technique for simplifying large non-clausal formulas in propositional logic, that is called removal of anti-links. Possible applications of anti-links include computation of prime implicates of large non-clausal formulas as required, for example, in diagnosis. Anti-links do not compute any normal form of a given formu...

Specific delivery of therapeutic agents to solid tumors and their bioavailability at the target site are the most clinically important and challenging goals in cancer therapy. Liposomes are promising nanocarriers and have been well investigated for cancer therapy. In spite of preferred accumulation in tumors via the enhanced permeability and retention (EPR) effect, inefficient drug release at t...

This paper presents an experiment with human subjects concerning the vague spatial relation ‘near’ in environmental space. After the topic is introduced and relevant previous work surveyed, the experiment is described. Three approaches to experimental analysis are presented and discussed: nearness neighbourhoods as regions with broad boundaries, fuzzy nearness and distance measures, and four-va...

Three 14-year-old boys with diagnoses of autism learned to mand for the delivery or removal of tokens by presenting nonsense syllables (A(1-5), respectively). A match-to-sample procedure was used to establish conditional discriminations between the 5 A stimuli and 5 B stimuli and between the B stimuli and 5 C stimuli. Subsequently, each participant was able to use the C stimuli to mand, illustr...

it is not known whether the instincts of wild horses have remained strong during their centuries of domestication. knowledge of this matter would give riders the opportunity to know more about the behavior of horses and consequently about safety for both horses and riders. in this current research, we studied the behavior of fifteen caspian miniature horses of different ages and sexes using sti...

We studied the mutual information between a stimulus and a system consisting of stochastic, statistically independent elements that respond to a stimulus. Using statistical mechanical methods the properties of the mutual information (MI) in the limit of a large system size N are calculated. For continuous valued stimuli, the MI increases logarithmically with N and is related to the log of the F...