380 peer reviewed Introduction Our veterinary patients are better cared for now than ever before and therefore, rather like human beings, they are living longer. In addition, the range of medical and surgical interventions is forever increasing, so most small animal veterinary surgeons will anaesthetise several geriatric patients every week. There are two main causes of increased anaesthetic mo...

Damage to renal tubular and mesangial cells is central to the development of diabetic nephropathy (DN), a complication of diabetes which can lead to renal failure. Mitochondria are the site of cellular respiration and produce energy in the form of ATP via oxidative phosphorylation, and mitochondrial dysfunction has been implicated in DN. Since the kidney is an organ with high bioenergetic needs...

The cause of disproportionate hyperproinsulinemia in patients with type II diabetes is controversial. To examine whether increased b cell demand might contribute, we measured proinsulin and insulin concentrations in clinically healthy humans who had undergone hemipancreatectomy for the purpose of organ donation, a procedure previously demonstrated to increase b cell demand and diminish insulin ...

BACKGROUND Although most of the deleterious effects of sepsis-induced apoptosis have been attributed to increased lymphocyte cell death, caspase activation may directly alter cell function of different organ systems. We postulated that left ventricular (LV) cardiomyocyte caspase activation is directly involved in sepsis-induced heart contractile dysfunction. METHODS AND RESULTS LV cardiomyocy...

Over the last 20 years, the number of older adults requiring surgical interventions has substantially increased and will continue to escalate as the population ages. Perioperative management of older patients poses challenges not encountered in younger individuals. People over 70 years of age are more likely to have multiple comorbidities, physical and cognitive impairments, and reduced cardiac...

The cause of disproportionate hyperproinsulinemia in patients with type II diabetes is controversial. To examine whether increased beta cell demand might contribute, we measured proinsulin and insulin concentrations in clinically healthy humans who had undergone hemipancreatectomy for the purpose of organ donation, a procedure previously demonstrated to increase beta cell demand and diminish in...

Description The IMO may use ‘out-of-market’ sources of reserve in response to an operating reserve shortfall in the real-time constrained sequence.1 Operating reserve shortfalls occur when either the total amount of available MW offered in the market for a class of operating reserve is less than the IMO’s requirement for that class of reserve, or when the total amount of available MW offered fo...

Security-constrained unit commitment (SCUC) is a classical problem used for day-ahead commitment, dispatch, and reserve scheduling. Even though SCUC models acquire reserves, N-1 reliability is not guaranteed. This paper presents an enhanced securityconstrained unit commitment formulation that facilitates the integration of stochastic resources and accounts for reserve deliverability issues. In ...

We investigate equilibrium bidding in first-price auctions with asymmetric reserve prices. For example, the auctioneer may set a low reserve price for one subset of bidders and a high reserve price for others. When used to pursue a distributional objective, lowering the reserve price for some bidders channels benefits toward marginal agents in the favored group and does not adversely impact non...

myocardial fractional flow reserve (ffr) is a new index of the functional significance of intermediate coronary stenoses that is calculated from pressure measurements made during coronary arteriography. the aim of this study was to evaluate the correlation between non-hyperemic coronary pressure dicrotic notch and fractional flow reserve (ffr). a consecutive of 114 patients (73 men and 41 women...