A new technique for injecting sclerosant into oesophageal varices uses a flexible gastroscope. Once the gastroscope has been inserted a flexible tube with a window cut into its distal end is pushed down over the gastroscope until a varix protrudes through the window. The varix can then be injected with a needle passed down the biopsy channel of the gastroscope. Once the varices have all been in...

Liquid sclerotherapy, laser and surgery have been used in the treatment of head and neck vascular anomalies with variable success for many years. A multidisciplinary team consisting of plastic surgery, maxillofacial surgery and interventional radiology currently treats such lesions by converting liquid sclerosant into foam. Foam sclerotherapy is currently used successfully to treat varicosities...

The two agents most commonly used for producing a pleurodesis are tetracycline and bleomycin. Tetracycline is no longer available due to more stringent requirements on the manufacturing process. The objective of this project was to determine whether bleomycin is an effective sclerosant in an experimental model in rabbits. The following medications were instilled intrapleurally in anesthetized m...

Arteriovenous malformation is treated by variety of techniques over the years. Sclerotherapy is considered an effective and conservative technique for the treatment of benign vascular lesions and replaced the traditional role of surgical therapy, especially for the venous lesions that are surgically difficult or at inaccessible areas. Absolute ethanol was adopted as a new sclerosant agent for t...

Gastric variceal bleeding is a serious complication of portal hypertension with significant morbidity and mortality to the patient. Endoscopic injection of N-butyl-2-cyanoacrylate (N-BCA) is widely used for the control of gastric variceal bleeding with initial haemostasis of 87–100%. We present a case of severe respiratory failure due to pulmonary embolization of cyanoacrylate sclerosant used i...

BACKGROUND Treatment of congenital venous malformations poses a major clinical challenge. Surgery is difficult and frequently unsuccessful, radiological intervention with embolization has an ill-defined role, and conventional sclerotherapy has little to offer. OBJECTIVE To evaluate the efficacy and safety of sclerosant in microfoam form in treating congenital venous malformations. DESIGN A ...