PURPOSE To develop a reliable and valid questionnaire of bilingual language status with predictable relationships between self-reported and behavioral measures. METHOD In Study 1, the internal validity of the Language Experience and Proficiency Questionnaire (LEAP-Q) was established on the basis of self-reported data from 52 multilingual adult participants. In Study 2, criterion-based validit...

Abstract Learners’ metacognitive reading strategies support their attempts to draw meaning from texts and overcome comprehension difficulties. For second language readers, such may compensate for lack of proficiency while reading. Taking a sample country that ranked last in the PISA 2018 assessment, this study aims investigate potential discrepancies how students evaluate usefulness specific th...

background: despite the fact that being exposed to traumatic and stressful events could have severe consequences, studies have shown that even in the wake of negative events such as cancer diagnosis, we see some changes and positive impacts in scheme, philosophy of life and self-perception, a process which is called post traumatic growth (ptg). the aim of the current research is to define share...

background: drug users (opiate dependency) account for about 65% of all aids cases in iran. drug injection has been identified as the most common way of hiv transmission in these patients. this study aimed to determine self-efficacy, and perceived benefits / barriers of aids preventive behaviors in opiate dependency. methods: a cross-sectional study was conducted in 2009.the study population wa...

Previous studies have shown that some English vowel contrasts remain difficult for English learners to perceive. This study investigated three potential factors affecting vowel perception: cross-language vowel systems, spectral distance, and language proficiency, for the discrimination and identification of English /ɪ/-/ε/, /ε/-/æ/, /ʊ/-/ʌ/, and /ʌ/-/ɒ/ contrasts in four groups of listeners: L1...

BACKGROUND Despite known benefits of regular physical activity for health and well-being, many studies suggest that levels of physical activity in young people are low, and decline dramatically during adolescence. The purpose of the current research was to gather data on adolescent youth in order to inform the development of a targeted physical activity intervention. METHODS Cross-sectional d...

english for academic purposes (eap) is a significant part of the curriculum in iranian universities. however, it seems that eap programs have been developed without a systematic needs analysis. the purpose of this study was assessing the present and target situation needs of two groups of undergraduates of computer science. a total of 320 students and 44 instructors participated in this triangu...

BACKGROUND The purpose of this study was to determine whether third-year medical students can become proficient in open technical skills through simulation laboratory training. METHODS A total of 204 students participated in a structured curriculum including bladder catheterization, breast examination, and knot-tying. Proficiency was documented using global rating scales and validated, object...